Page 24 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition
P. 24
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15.5.2 Hydrogen Chloride and Chlorine Gas...................................................................485
15.5.3 Particulate Matter ..................................................................................................485
15.5.4 Metals ....................................................................................................................485
15.5.5 Operating Requirements........................................................................................485
15.5.6 Additional Requirements.......................................................................................486
15.6 Incineration Devices............................................................................................................486
15.6.1 Liquid Injection .....................................................................................................487
15.6.2 Air Requirements in Liquid Injectors ...................................................................489
15.6.3 Overview of Liquid Injection................................................................................490
15.6.4 Rotary Kilns ..........................................................................................................490
15.6.5 Overview of Rotary Kiln Incineration ..................................................................494
15.6.6 Boilers and Industrial Furnaces.............................................................................494
15.6.7 Industrial Boilers ...................................................................................................494
15.6.8 Cement Kilns.........................................................................................................495
15.7 Air Pollution and its Control...............................................................................................497
15.7.1 Atmospheric Products from Combustion .............................................................497
15.7.2 Products of Incomplete Combustion.....................................................................497
15.7.3 Air Pollution Control.............................................................................................500
References ......................................................................................................................................501
Suggested Readings .......................................................................................................................502
Questions........................................................................................................................................503
Chapter 16
Hazardous Waste Treatment...........................................................................................................505
16.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................505
16.2 Land Disposal Restrictions .................................................................................................505
16.3 Waste Treatment Prior to Land Disposal ............................................................................506
16.3.1 Neutralization ........................................................................................................506
16.3.2 Chemical Precipitation ..........................................................................................510
16.3.3 Oxidation and Reduction.......................................................................................512
16.3.4 Sorption .................................................................................................................514
16.3.5 Sorption Systems...................................................................................................515
16.3.6 Stabilization...........................................................................................................516
References ......................................................................................................................................517
Suggested Readings .......................................................................................................................518
Questions........................................................................................................................................519
Chapter 17
Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste ...............................................................................................521
17.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................521
17.2 The Land Disposal Restrictions Revisited..........................................................................521
17.2.1 General Requirements ...........................................................................................522
17.3 The Secure Landfill.............................................................................................................522
17.3.1 Regulatory Requirements......................................................................................522
17.3.2 Secure Landfill Design, Construction, and Operation .........................................524
17.3.3 Liner Materials ....................................................................................................524
17.3.3.1 Clay Liners..........................................................................................524
17.3.3.2 Synthetic Liner Materials ...................................................................524
17.3.3.3 Composite Liners................................................................................525