Page 19 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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9.8.7 Plastics-Derived Fuels...............................................................................................281
9.8.8 Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF)...........................................................................................282
References ......................................................................................................................................283
Suggested Readings .......................................................................................................................285
Questions........................................................................................................................................286
Excel Exercise................................................................................................................................288

Chapter 10
The Sanitary Landfill .....................................................................................................................289
10.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................289
10.2 Relevant Definitions under the RCRA Regulations............................................................289
10.3 Siting the Landfill ...............................................................................................................290
10.3.1 Airport Safety........................................................................................................290
10.3.2 Floodplains ............................................................................................................290
10.3.3 Wetlands ................................................................................................................291
10.3.4 Fault Areas.............................................................................................................291
10.3.5 Seismic Impact Zones ..........................................................................................291
10.3.6 Unstable Areas.......................................................................................................291
10.4 Requirements of Operation .................................................................................................292
10.4.1 Receipt of Hazardous Waste................................................................................292
10.4.2 Inspections...........................................................................................................293
10.4.3 Training ...............................................................................................................294
10.4.4 Landfill Design....................................................................................................294
10.4.5 Clay Liners ..........................................................................................................295
10.4.6 Hydraulic Conductivity .......................................................................................296
10.4.7 Geomembrane Liners ..........................................................................................298
10.4.8 Compatibility of Liners with Wastes...................................................................299
10.4.9 Survivability Tests ...............................................................................................301
10.4.10 Permeability.........................................................................................................301
10.4.11 Stress....................................................................................................................303
10.4.12 Geomembrane Liner Handling and Placement ...................................................304
10.4.13 Construction Quality Assurance..........................................................................305
10.4.14 Daily Operations and Issues................................................................................305
10.4.14.1 Filling Sequences..............................................................................305
10.4.14.2 Cover Materials ................................................................................307
10.4.14.3 Disease Vector Control .....................................................................308
10.4.14.4 Biological Control of Pests .............................................................308
10.4.14.5 Generation of Landfill Gases............................................................310
10.4.14.6 Predicting Gas Production................................................................313
10.4.14.7 Control of Explosive Gases..............................................................316
10.4.15 Trace Gases .........................................................................................................319
10.4.16 Landfill Gas Control............................................................................................319
10.4.16.1 Passive Systems................................................................................320
10.4.16.2 Active Systems .................................................................................320
10.4.17 Gas Utilization.....................................................................................................321
10.4.18 Other Air Criteria ................................................................................................324
10.4.19 Public Access.......................................................................................................324
10.4.20 Control of Run-on and Runoff ............................................................................325
10.4.21 Management of Surface Water............................................................................325
10.4.22 Restrictions on Liquids in Landfills ...................................................................326
10.4.23 Leachate Formation.............................................................................................326