Page 14 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C00.qxd 2/17/2005 1:03 PM Page xiii

4.4 Common Components in Municipal Solid Waste...................................................................68
4.4.1 Paper Products...........................................................................................................68
4.4.2 Glass ..........................................................................................................................68
4.4.3 Aluminum..................................................................................................................71
4.4.4 Ferrous Metals...........................................................................................................71
4.4.5 Other Nonferrous Metals...........................................................................................71
4.4.6 Plastics.......................................................................................................................71
4.4.7 Rubber and Leather ...................................................................................................72
4.4.8 Textiles.......................................................................................................................72
4.4.9 Food Wastes...............................................................................................................73
4.4.10 Yard Waste.................................................................................................................74
4.4.11 Household Hazardous Wastes ...................................................................................74
4.4.11.1 Toxic Metals .............................................................................................76
4.4.11.2 Organic Compounds.................................................................................76
4.5 Chemical Properties of MSW .................................................................................................78
4.5.1 Ultimate Analysis of Solid Waste Components ........................................................80
4.5.2 Proximate Analysis of MSW.....................................................................................82
4.5.3 Energy Content of MSW...........................................................................................84
4.5.4 Fusion Point of Ash...................................................................................................87
4.5.5 Content of Nutrients and other Substrates ................................................................88
4.5.6 Carbohydrates............................................................................................................89
4.5.7 Crude Fibers ..............................................................................................................90
4.5.8 Proteins......................................................................................................................90
4.5.9 Lipids.........................................................................................................................90
4.5.10 Biodegradability of MSW Fractions .........................................................................90
4.6 Physical Properties of MSW...................................................................................................92
4.6.1 Density.......................................................................................................................92
4.6.2 Moisture Content.......................................................................................................95
4.6.3 Particle Size Distribution...........................................................................................96
4.6.4 Field Capacity............................................................................................................98
4.6.5 Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Waste...........................................................98
References ........................................................................................................................................99
Suggested Readings and Web Sites................................................................................................100
Questions........................................................................................................................................100
Excel Exercise................................................................................................................................103

Chapter 5
Municipal Solid Waste Collection .................................................................................................105
5.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................105
5.2 Developing a Waste Collection System ................................................................................105
5.2.1 Characterization of Wastes........................................................................................105
5.2.2 Service Area and Level of Service............................................................................106
5.2.3 Public vs. Private Collection .....................................................................................106
5.2.4 Funding the Collection System .................................................................................106
5.2.5 Labor Contracts .........................................................................................................107
5.3 Logistics of the Collection Program .....................................................................................107
5.3.1 Storage Container Requirements...............................................................................107
5.3.2 Set-Out Requirements ...............................................................................................107
5.3.3 Waste Separation .......................................................................................................108
5.3.4 Frequency of Collection............................................................................................108
5.3.5 Waste Pickup Locations ............................................................................................109
5.3.6 Collection Equipment................................................................................................110