Page 13 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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Chapter 3
Regulatory Development..................................................................................................................47
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................47
3.2 Significant U.S. Legislation ....................................................................................................47
3.2.1 The Solid Waste Disposal Act.....................................................................................47
3.2.2 The Resource Recovery Act........................................................................................48
3.2.3 The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act...........................................................48
3.2.4 Solid Waste Management under RCRA......................................................................48
3.2.5 Regulation of Hazardous Waste under RCRA ............................................................49
3.2.6 Underground Storage Tank Management....................................................................51
3.2.7 Amendments to RCRA................................................................................................51
3.2.7.1 The 1980 Amendments.................................................................................51
3.2.7.2 The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980.....................................................................................51
3.2.7.3 The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 ...............................52
3.2.7.4 The Medical Waste Tracking Act .................................................................52
3.2.7.5 The Federal Facility Compliance Act...........................................................53
3.2.7.6 The 1996 Amendments.................................................................................53
3.3 Other Recent Laws Affecting MSW Management .................................................................54
3.3.1 The Public Utility Regulation and Policy Act of 1978 ...............................................54
3.3.2 Sanitary Food Transportation Act ...............................................................................54
3.3.3 Clean Air Act...............................................................................................................54
3.3.4 Pollution Prevention Act..............................................................................................54
3.3.5 Indian Lands Open Dump Cleanup Act......................................................................55
3.3.6 Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act.............................55
3.4 Relationship of RCRA with other Environmental Statutes ....................................................55
3.5 Laws, Regulations and other Actions at the Federal Level.....................................................56
3.5.1 The Lawmaking Process .............................................................................................56
3.5.2 Regulations..................................................................................................................57
3.5.3 Guidance and Policy....................................................................................................58
3.5.4 Public Involvement in RCRA......................................................................................59
References ........................................................................................................................................59
Suggested Readings .........................................................................................................................59
Questions..........................................................................................................................................60

Part II
Municipal Solid Wastes..................................................................................................................61

Chapter 4
Characterization of Solid Waste.......................................................................................................63
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................63
4.2 Sampling Protocols for MSW.................................................................................................63
4.2.1 Direct Sampling...........................................................................................................63
4.2.2 Material Flows.............................................................................................................64
4.2.3 Surveys ........................................................................................................................64
4.2.4 Multipliers for Projecting Waste Quantities................................................................64
4.3 Variability Affecting Waste Sampling.....................................................................................66
4.3.1 Seasonal.......................................................................................................................66
4.3.2 Regional.......................................................................................................................67
4.3.3 Household....................................................................................................................67
4.3.4 National Economy.......................................................................................................68