Page 20 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C00.qxd 2/17/2005 1:03 PM Page xix

10.4.23.1 Estimation of Leachate Volume Produced........................................327
10.4.23.2 The Leachate Collection and Removal System................................332
10.4.23.3 Area Collector...................................................................................332
10.4.24 Geosynthetic Materials........................................................................................333
10.4.25 Collection Laterals ..............................................................................................334
10.4.26 Sumps ..................................................................................................................336
10.4.27 Leachate Treatment .............................................................................................336
10.4.28 Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action ................................................337
10.4.29 Record Keeping...................................................................................................338
10.5 Closure ................................................................................................................................338
10.5.1 Low Permeability (Barrier) Layer.........................................................................339
10.5.2 Drainage Layer......................................................................................................339
10.5.3 Erosion Control Layer...........................................................................................339
10.5.4 Gas Collection System ..........................................................................................340
10.5.5 The Landfill Cap ...................................................................................................340
10.5.6 Subsidence Effects.................................................................................................340
10.5.7 Weather Effects......................................................................................................340
10.6 Postclosure ..........................................................................................................................341
10.7 The Bioreactor Landfill.......................................................................................................343
10.7.1 Anaerobic Bioreactors...........................................................................................343
10.7.2 Aerobic Bioreactor ................................................................................................344
10.7.3 Anaerobic vs. Aerobic...........................................................................................345
10.7.4 Hybrid Bioreactors (Sequential Aerobic–Anaerobic) ...........................................345
10.7.5 Practical Operational Issues ..................................................................................345
10.7.5.1 Waste Preprocessing.............................................................................345
10.7.5.2 Daily Cover...........................................................................................346
10.7.5.3 Liquid Addition and Recirculation.......................................................346
10.7.5.4 Alternative Liquid Sources...................................................................346
10.7.5.5 Fires ......................................................................................................346
10.7.6 Other Considerations.............................................................................................347
10.7.6.1 Leachate Strength Reduction................................................................347
10.7.6.2 Waste Mass Shear Strength ..................................................................347
10.7.6.3 Waste Settlement .................................................................................347
10.7.6.4 Metals ...................................................................................................347
10.7.6.5 Advantages of Bioreactor Landfills......................................................348
10.7.6.6 Summary of Bioreactor Landfills.........................................................348
10.8 Landfill Reclamation...........................................................................................................349
References ......................................................................................................................................350
Suggested Readings .......................................................................................................................352
Questions........................................................................................................................................354
A.10.1 Appendix: Landfill Gas Emissions Model......................................................................356
A.10.1.1 Overview........................................................................................................356
A.10.1.2 How to Use the Model ..................................................................................356
A.10.1.2.1 Entering MSW Data for a Site .................................................356
A.10.1.2.2 Forecasting Landfill Emissions ................................................358
A.10.1.2.3 Emissions Forecasting Example...............................................358
A.10.1.3 The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance Model........................359
A.10.1.3.1 Using the HELP Model............................................................360
A.10.1.3.2 Inputs to the Model...................................................................361
A.10.1.3.3 Relevant Terms and Their Values in HELP..............................362
Excel Exercise................................................................................................................................369