Page 473 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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444 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
Aluminum box 4B
Natural wood box 4C1 or 4C2
Plywood box 4D
Reconstituted wood box 4F
Fiberboard box 4G
Expanded plastic box 4H1
Solid plastic box 4H2
Inner packagings
Glass or earthenware receptacles
Plastic receptacles
Metal receptacles
Glass ampoules
Except for transportation by passenger aircraft, the following single packagings are authorized:
Steel drum 1A1 or 1A2
Aluminum drum 1B1 or 1B2
Metal drum other than steel or aluminum 1N1 or 1N2
Plastic drum 1H1 or 1H2
Steel jerrican 3A1 or 3A2
Plastic jerrican 3H1 or 3H2
Aluminum jerrican 3B1 or 3B2
Plastic receptacle in steel, aluminum,
fiber, or plastic drum 6HA1, 6HB1, 6HG1, 6HH1
Plastic receptacle in steel, aluminum,
wooden, plywood, or fiberboard box 6HA2, 6HB2, 6HC, 6HD2, or 6HG2
Glass, porcelain or stoneware in steel,
aluminum or fiber drum 6PA1, 6PB1, or 6PG1
Glass, porcelain or stoneware in steel,
aluminum, wooden or fiberboard box 6PA2, 6PB2, 6PC, or 6PG2
Glass, porcelain or stoneware in solid or
expanded plastic packaging 6PH1 or 6PH2

Performance-Oriented Packaging
Performance-oriented packaging (POP) was introduced into international packaging regulations in
1989. After 1991, POP was phased into the domestic regulations (49 CFR) and has been effective
since October 1, 1996. All nonbulk quantities of hazardous materials were required to be shipped
in POP. POP is packaging that meets design qualification testing. Package designs are subjected to
Drop, Stack, Vibration, Leakproofness, and Hydrostatic tests based upon United Nations recom-
mendations. A United Nations Certification marking may be applied to the packagings once the
design passes the performance tests (Figure 13.9).
Identification codes are set forth in the standards for packagings in 49 CFR Parts 178.504
through 178.523. A manufacturer must mark every packaging that is represented as manufactured
to meet a UN standard with other DOT-specified marks. The markings must be durable, legible,
and placed in a readily visible location. Packaging conforming to a UN standard must be marked
as follows:

1. The United Nations symbol as illustrated in Figure 13.9 or the letters “UN.” A packag-
ing identification code designating the type of packaging and material of construction.
2. A letter identifying the performance standard under which the packaging design type has
been successfully tested, as follows:
X for packagings meeting Packing Group I, II, and III tests
Y for packagings meeting Packing Group II and III tests or
Z for packagings only meeting Packing Group III tests