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CHAPTER 8






                                       Data Collection, Formatting,


                                                            and Management






                    Julian Thornton
                    Reinhard Sturm
                    George Kunkel, P.E.






               8.1 Introduction
                    To undertake any water system audit and properly identify where volumes of losses are
                    occurring and the magnitude of the loss it is necessary to collect data, which is
                        • Accurate
                        • Standardized
                        • Organized
                        • Accountable
                       In Appendix A, we discuss various equipment and methodologies for accurately
                    capturing data for flows and pressures using both portable and permanent field equip-
                    ment. However once we have captured the data it is important to properly organize and
                    store the data in a meaningful manner, so that we
                    can be accountable for the subsequent decisions
                    which will be made.                           Not all water systems will
                       When collecting and validating data for top   have all of the data they need
                    down water balances it is common to collect large
                                                                  for a full audit, however it is
                    volumes of data from the customer information
                     system. Usually, at least 14 months of data are   better to make estimations and
                                                                  perform an audit than not to
                     collected. In large water systems, this could
                    amount to many gigabytes of data. It is important   do one at all. Lower  confidence
                    that the operator carefully considers the environ-  can be assigned to estimates
                    ment in which the data will be stored for analysis   and higher  confidence to mea-
                    in order not to loose data in the transfer process.   sured values.
                    Many operators use industry standard products

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