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            East                                           Heirtzler,
     305                                            magnetic  anomaly   Polarity  Time   tech-   of   in   in   are   the   This   or vol-   the   magnetic   that   equator
            400                                           (Ma).  Magnetic  anomalies  in   The   dating   deposits   plotted   sections   on   are correlations   Scale.   formations   formed:The   at   rock   and

     Studies                                      Asthenosphere   field   total  reversals  (bottom). The  model   Geomagnetic   Scale.   isotopic   basin   results   the   Formation   Time   Pathan   sedimentary   rock   the   of   original   dipole,   magnetic

     Paleomagnetic   200                             Ridge.  The  observed   millions  of  years  Pacific-Antarctic  ridge,”  by  W.  Pitman,  III,  and  J.   Time  Polarity   to   tied   be   foreland   with  sections,   lithostratigraphy,   Pathan   Dhok   there   that   show   Polarity   Dhok   and   a   of   the   time   the   ()  latitude   the  records   geocentric   a   as   the   near






                                   AN                  model  of  polarity  paleomagnetism,  according  to  the   in   can   Himalayan   to   the   polarity   Geomagnetic   Nagri   magnetization   at   (i)   magnetic       magnetization   acts   formed
          (km)                     4q-               Pacific-Antarctic   the   ages   Butler  (1992).   Geomagnetic   section   the   stratigraphic   According   southwest,   the   of  the   the       2tand   =         field   the   Rocks

          Distance   0       seyunig  Jo  i               from   (center)   (white)  time  scale;  numbers  are   in   as  redrawn   the   with   the   of   parts   from  example   10   from   diagram.   the   on   magnetic   for   of  epochs   parts   that  reveals   time.   remanent   The   inclinations  magnetic   to   related   to:   tani   rock’s   the   that  formation,   out.  averaged
                               wnn---4e-n  fe
                                a>
                                 3
                                    =
                                  ro]
                             0
                               E
                               wo
             200                                     Magnetic  anomaly  profile  and  model  of the   profile  with  a  calculated   reversed   and   the   in  From  “Magnetic  anomalies  over  the   Figure   1966.   reversals   if  useful   ash.  volcanic   an   shows   taken   were   the   on   form   Formation   analyzed   negative   thus   same   the   at   Studies   the   be   can   turn,   formed,  according   that  assumes   of   time   been   has
                 profile                                 (black)   magnetic  epochs   1164-1171,   ©   polarity   especially   9.23   Samples   Nagri   Samples   and  positive   chronostratigraphy   deposited   Paleolatitude   records   in   equation   the   at   variation
                 Observed                                 to   nT).   |   =   observed   is   interbedded   Fig.   Pakistan.   cross-sectional   the   of   northeast.   were   rock   canic   inclination,   it   time   The   direction   secular


             400                                      9.20   (top)  correlates  well  incorporates  times  of  normal   refer   gamma   154,  pp.   nique   part   with

             West   gamma   1000                      FIGURE   profile   Scale,  Names   gammas  (1   Science,  vol.















                                                                                                       i   i   ein   negative  total
                                                                   pesseney
                                                                             av

                                                                                                     i
            (Layer 2)                      NNN                     passenay                                     lithosphere,  showing   ie   etek   of   is  magneti   2   i   and
                                                                     /BuON
                                                                     peuion  2
                                                                   pasiarey
                                                                     JeWJON   C  2                LY   field  reflect  periodic  reversals  of  the  se   iti   i
                                      Field   OS                   pesleney   >                    Cross  section  of  the   BI   ambient  ridge.  Alternating  bands  of  oceanic  crust  result  tin  corresponding  positive  s
           Ridge   MAYS  ALA,   GY  Y                             pesierey   ea                      ¢  of  the   today’s   Maa   to   i
                                                                     JeWON


                                                                    /BWION  GI
      «    Mid-Ocean       a  Asthenosphere   Ambient   NNN      =  rey   YY          pasianay   ie       a)   ridge.   Closeup   polarity.  parallel  iutvcmel   polarity   i  normal
      Interpretation       =e         Today's     uo    VM   Le    PesleAey   c  Be,        MY,       alignment  at  a  mid-ocean   b)  (layer  3).   no rmal   a  arrows)   and   mid-ocean   magnetization   izati   ag
                                                                            oS  >
                                                                    [ewson

                                                                    /BUON
      Magnetic   water  Crust              NANOS          YYW   Ly   passeney                                GME  ae”   and  (layer  2)  gabbro   a   with  aligned   Q   (white  q   pattern  across  a  reversed  (whit  C  arrows)   ic   \  F).   (
                                                                    JBUON  ee
                                                                   pasienay  —
                                                                    JeWwsoN
      Chapter   9   Qceanic                SY                      passanay  ce  Ss  LO              ae   °   asalt   magnetization   ma  alternating  bands  of  reversed   |   Magnetic  anomaly   arrows)  and  field magn  etic  anomalies


                                                                          Gv)  Aewouy                 es
                                                                           oneubey                   a   illustrates
      304                                                                                            ae   field.  c)   (black
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