Page 332 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

waves
315
radia-
about
(conduc-
so
Earth’s
in
a
a
thus
near
cen-
up
w
glaciation).
more
a relatively
deep
Transfer of heat to Earth's
by
from
10?
which
lost, however,
during the day is lost outward
sets
regions
the
is
illustrated
Earth’s
is
electromagnetic
of
surface threugh radiation. The large
(=4x
surface,
is
Earth
for
gradient
surface
flowing
that
surface
circulation,
temperature
temperature
to
responsible
flow,
surface
from the sun
is
the
maierials-(conveciion; advection).
colder
from
107 W
night.
the
conduction
its
motion),
vibrations,
Earth’s
is
and
thermal
Within
stream
to
near
radiation at
flows
conduction
the
to
oceanic
back
X
interior
surface
different
potato
of heat
of 2
involve
therefore
from
at
Heat
rapidly
10.7.
erosion,
plate
that
A
radiated
heat
through
order
absorbed
10.8a).
atomic
through
FIGURE
amount
and
increasing
heat
Earth’s
(earthquakes, volcanism, lithospheric
average
hot
Such
can
of
of
increasing
are
atmospheric
(weathering.
the
the
materials
of
source
is
another
(Fig.
by
heat
sources
temperature.
Earth
on
amount
from
of
an
transferred
is
temperature
center
air
of
in
obvious
radiation
temperature
the
of heat
to
resulting
Transfer
heat
cold
between
the
drives
region
processes
scale.
on
of hot
the
Other
the
explain
shines
and
lower
transfer
from
be
10.7). This
heat
time
surface),
10.8b).
interaction
with
one
with
movement
common
can
m”?).
geologic
with
goes
of
that
cannot
Solar
geologic
from
contact
potato,
Likewise, conductive
Heat
one
(Fig.
heat
10°? W
gradient,
heat
(Fig.
the
1990).
heat
A
to
radiation
(radiation), atomic
actual
surface
depth
the
the
over
processes
Conduction
the
sun
a
dry;
higher
Radiation
of
on
X
of
(Fowler,
in
at
geothermal
the
8
transfer
is
average
process
the
all
with
Transfer
established
(~
surface,
drive
if it
solar
of
from
Virtually
tion), or
internal
interior
potato
region
slowly
20°C
m~*
slow
The
turn
that
tion
ter.
its
a
Heat

oven long like in high volume crust HK ODO is generated during Crust Chust 10" W x types (Philpotts, 1990). A produces it that
microwave very a for elements, are unit per the than 10.6b). HY FY Time since Earth formed (billion years) microwave oven on in Continental 20.1 (granite/gabbro) crust. however, so
the hot remain radioactive continental, heat voluminous (Fig. mantle a NM) is placed new heat igneous rock crust the
outside of especially of the mT of heat by
as would heat. decay quantities more in g § SF more slowly if it be expected, because (J/s). A cubic meter of continental mantle is far more voluminous than
quickly potato of internal the rocks, far produced (9.) soeunsans Moj/feys a) Production
S,yuezq jo einjesedule |
as the on Crustal large however, is potato caols much might than
nearly 10.5b), production depends produce is, heat new 8
not (Fig. heat potassium. mantle the § (minutes) Hot a) more slowly General Setting Upper Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Crust Mantle
Flow but Earth continuous of and thus Earth’s of Microwave 8 Lower Continental the Earth through radioactive decay. production.
Heat cool. the Like production and The most that : Time since potato removed 8 8 conventional oven has cooled much to one Joule of energy produced per second cubic meter of mantle (peridotite). b) The heat
10 would 10.Sa). the to The thorium. elements, 10.6a). 2.3), so S Internal generation af heat. Earth e 7 a 7 2.95 0.01 in
0.56
Chapter potato (Fig. due time, uranium, those (Fig. (Fig. from decay. i? Hear production of Earth’s internal
o° S 10.5 low setting. b) The
&
g
314 (9.) e0epns $,0}e10d jo einjesediuef FIGURE radioactive Rock Type Granite/Rhyolite Basal/Gabbro Peridotite (W) is equivalent faster than a for most
a 10.6 much
FIGURE Watt heat accounts