Page 143 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

P2: IML/FFX
QC: IML/FFX
P1: IML/FFX
AT029-Manual
AT029-Manual-v7.cls
AT029-03
June 22, 2007
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS 123
P
R T1: IML N 14:23 A
i
1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.00
P N A
VGC
0.76 0.84 0.92 1.00 1.08
N
A P
K
9 10 11 12 13 14

N
P A
I
0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36
FIG. 3.24—Comparison of different characterization factors for prediction
of composition of petroleum fractions (see Table 3.21).
the API-TDB [2]. The VI is defined as [2] in tables in the standard methods (ASTM D 2270, ISO 2909)
as well as in the API-TDB [2]. However, for viscous oils with
L − U
2
(3.51) VI = 100 a kinematic viscosity at 100 C of greater than 70 mm /s, the
◦
D values of L and D are given by the following relationships [5]:
where L = 0.8353Y + 14.67Y − 216
2
L = kinematic viscosity of reference oil at 40 C with 0 (3.52) 2
◦
VI oil, cSt. D = 0.6669Y + 2.82Y − 119
U = kinematic viscosity of oil at 40 C whose VI is to be where Y is the kinematic viscosity of oil whose VI is to be cal-
◦
calculated, cSt. culated at 100 C in cSt. In English units in which reference
◦
D = L – H, in cSt. temperatures of 37.8 and 98.9 C (100 and 210 F) are used,
◦
◦
H = kinematic viscosity of reference oil at 40 C with 100 values of numerical coefficients in Eq. (3.52) are slightly dif-
◦
VI oil, cSt. ferent and are given in the API-TDB [2].
The reference oils with 0 and 100 VI and the oil whose
2
VI is to be calculated have the same kinematic viscosity at (3.53) L = 1.01523Y + 12.154Y − 155.61
100 C. In English units of system, VI is defined in terms of D = 0.8236Y − 0.5015Y − 53.03 --`,```,`,``````,`,````,```,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2
◦
viscosity at 37.8 and 98.9 C, which correspond to 100 and
◦
210 F, respectively [2]. However, in the SI units, viscosity at Viscosity index defined by Dean and Davis in the form of
◦
reference temperatures of 40 and 100 C have been used to Eq. (3.51) does not work very well for oils with VI values of
◦
define the VI [5]. For oils with a kinematic viscosity of 100 C greater than 100. For such oils ASTM D 2270 describes the
◦
2
of less than 70 mm /s (cSt.), the values of L and D are given calculation method and it is summarized below for viscosity
at reference temperatures of 40 and 100 C [4, 5]:
◦
N
10 − 1
TABLE 3.22—Values of parameter m for different types (3.54) VI = + 100
of hydrocarbons [36]. 0.00715
Hydrocarbon type m where N is given by the following relation:
Paraffins −8.79
Cyclopentanes −5.41 log H − log U
Cyclohexanes −4.43 (3.55) N = log Y
Benzenes 2.64
Naphthalenes 19.5 in which U and Y are kinematic viscosity of oil in cSt whose
Condensed Tricyclics 43.6 VI is to be calculated at 40 and 100 C, respectively. Values of
◦

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