Page 243 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

224 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

TABLE 11.1
Sources, Toxic Effects, and Maximum Concentration Limit
of Various Heavy Metals
Maximum
Contaminant
Metal Sources Toxic Effects Limit (mg/L)
Arsenic Industrial dusts, medicinal Perforation of nasal septum, 0.050
uses of polluted water, respiratory cancer, peripheral
production of pesticides, neuropathy: dermatomes, muscle
herbicides, and insecticides, tenderness or weakness and changes
as well as in semiconductor in the skin pigmentation, intestinal
manufacturing pain, burning eyes and throat,
diarrhea, dizziness
Chromium Tannery, paints and Ulcer, lung cancer, bone cancer, 0.05
pigments, electronics, diarrhea, perforation of nasal
mining, fertilizers, sewage septum, damage to kidney, liver,
sludge, landfill leachate, nervous system, skin irritation,
leather, photography dermatitis, respiratory tract,
mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity
Zinc Batteries, electroplating, Vomiting, diarrhea, bloody urine, 0.80
paints and pigments, icterus (yellow mucus membrane),
mining, fertilizers, alloy and liver failure, kidney failure, and
steels, sewage sludge, paper anemia
and pulp, landfill leachate
Lead Fumes and polluted food, old Dysfunction in the kidney, 0.006
lead-pigment paints, reproductive system, liver, and
batteries, industrial smelting brain, resulting in sickness and
and alloying, some types of death. Inhibition of the synthesis of
solders, ayurvedic herbs, hemoglobin. Cardiovascular system.
some toys and products Acute and chronic damage to the
from China, glazes on central nervous system (CNS) and
(foreign) ceramics, leaded peripheral nervous system (PNS).
(antiknock compound) Encephalopathy, peripheral
fuels, bullets neuropathy, central nervous
disorders, anemia.
Cadmium Fertilizers, batteries, Pulmonary effects (emphysema, 0.01
electronics, mining, alloys bronchiolitis, and alveolitis) and
and steels, sewage sludge, renal effects, nausea, vomiting,
paper and pulp, landfill abdominal cramps, dyspnea and
leachate muscular weakness, anosmia,
cardiac failure, cancers,
cerebrovascular infarction,
emphysema, osteoporosis,
proteinuria, cataract formation in
the eyes
(Continued)