Page 244 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Technologies for Treatment of Heavy Metal–Contaminated Groundwater 225

TABLE 11.1 (CONTINUED)
Sources, Toxic Effects, and Maximum Concentration Limit
of Various Heavy Metals
Maximum
Contaminant
Metal Sources Toxic Effects Limit (mg/L)
Nickel Aerosols, alloys and steels, Cancer, dermatitis, skin allergies, 0.20
batteries, electroplating, lung fibrosis, hyperallergenic
mining, electronics, sewage responses, conjunctivitis,
sludge, paper and pulp, eosinophilic pneumonitis, asthma
landfill leachate
Copper Mining, electroplating, alloys Gastrointestinal irritation and 0.25
and steels, sewage sludge, possible necrotic changes in the
paper and pulp, landfill liver and kidney
leachate, tannery
Manganese Fumes, mining and mineral Central and peripheral neuropathies, 0.05
processing (particularly systolic blood pressure, disturbed
nickel), emissions from excretion of 17-ketosteroids, change
alloy, steel, and iron in erythropoiesis and granulocyte
production, combustion of formation
fossil fuels
Mercury Coal-fired power generation, Spontaneous abortion, congenital 0.00003
medical waste incinerators malformation and gastrointestinal
and municipal waste disorders (such as corrosive
combustors, manufacture of esophagitis and hematochezia),
metals, alkalis, and cement proteinuria, anorexia, numbness and
paresthesias, headaches,
hypertension, irritability and
excitability, and immune
suppression, possibly immune
deregulation

toxic effect on life of specific metals in specific compounds and concentrations. A
few metals are dangerous when they form toxic solvent mixes. Certain metals have no
natural role; that is, they are not basic minerals, or they are dangerous.

11.3.1 Heavy MeTal ToxiciTy in soil
Heavy metals are viewed as one of the significant sources of soil contamination.
Excessive metal contamination of the soil is created by different metals, particu-
larly Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb (Karaca et al., 2010). Heavy metals have harmful
consequences for soil microorganisms, consequently resulting in change to various
qualities, population size, and general action of the soil microbial groups (Ashraf
and Ali, 2007). The antagonistic impacts of heavy metals on the natural and bio-
chemical properties of soil have been widely recorded. Soil properties, that is,