Page 47 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

28 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

treatment capacity (Ak et al., 2016). The treatment process is anaerobic sludge
stabilization, active sludge technique, and removal of sludge water using the
strip filter technique. By the year 2025, it is planned to increase the capacity of
the plant to ensure the treatment of 6.3 million people’s wastewater which will
3
be about 1,377,000 m per day (Ak et al., 2016). The function of the WWTP
is to enhance the water quality of the receiving water body from Class IV to
Class II by applying physical treatment (screenings/grit disposal), primary set-
tling, activated sludge aeration, and secondary settling (Figure 2.1). Then, the
treated wastewater effluent is discharged into Ankara Creek. The discharge is
measured at the outlet of the plant at the Parshall flume by an ultrasonic dis-
placement meter (Figure 2.2).
Assessing reliable and sufficient discharge data during the planning phase of
a hydropower development is necessary to accurately estimate the energy yield.
Accordingly, long-term (at least 1 year) on-site discharge measurements and the
analysis of the measured data by an expert are key steps in reducing the uncertainty
related to the energy yield assessments. Uncertainty analysis is becoming an increas-
ingly important tool in measurements. The uncertainty in the discharge measure-
ments in the Parshall flume is expected to be less than 3%, while the error in the
level measurements at the project site is expected to be below 0.1%. In this study,
to calculate the annual hydroelectricity generation, the daily flow duration curve
of Tatlar WWTP for the year 2013 (Figure 2.3) is used. From these data, monthly
hydroelectricity generation is computed.
The construction duration for the Archimedean screw is significantly shorter
(i.e., 9 months) than that of the conventional hydro turbine, which creates an

FIGURE 2.2 Discharge measurement at the outlet of the Tatlar WWTP by an ultrasonic
displacement meter.