Page 10 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Contents ix

5.2.6 Cleanup Time ....................................................................... 175
5.2.7 Effect of Temperature on Soil Venting .............................. 181
5.2.8 Number of Vapor Extraction Wells ................................... 182
5.2.9 Sizing the Vacuum Pump (Blower) ...................................183
5.3 Soil Washing/Solvent Extraction/Soil Flushing ..........................185
5.3.1 Description of the Soil-Washing Process .......................... 185
5.3.2 Design of a Soil-Washing System ...................................... 186
5.4 Soil Bioremediation ...........................................................................190
5.4.1 Description of the Soil-Bioremediation Process ..............190
5.4.2 Moisture Requirement ........................................................ 191
5.4.3 Nutrient Requirements ....................................................... 192
5.4.4 Oxygen Requirement .......................................................... 195
5.5 Bioventing .......................................................................................... 198
5.5.1 Description of the Bioventing Process .............................. 198
5.5.2 Design of the Bioventing Process ...................................... 198
5.6 In Situ Chemical Oxidation ..............................................................201
5.6.1 Description of the In Situ Chemical Oxidation
Process ..............................................................................201
5.6.2 Commonly Used Oxidants .................................................201
5.6.3 Oxidant Demand .................................................................202
5.7 Thermal Destruction ........................................................................206
5.7.1 Description of the Thermal Destruction Process ............206
5.7.2 Design of the Combustion Units .......................................206
5.7.3 Regulatory Requirements for Incineration of
Hazardous Waste .................................................................208
5.8 Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption ......................................... 211
5.8.1 Description of the Low-Temperature Thermal
Desorption Process .............................................................. 211
5.8.2 Design of the Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption
Process ................................................................................... 211
References ..................................................................................................... 214

6 Groundwater Remediation ....................................................................... 217
6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 217
6.2 Groundwater Extraction .................................................................. 218
6.2.1 Cone of Depression .............................................................. 218
6.2.1.1 Steady-State Flow in a Confined Aquifer ......... 218
6.2.1.2 Steady-State Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer ...221
6.2.2 Capture-Zone Analysis .......................................................223
6.2.2.1 One Groundwater Extraction Well ....................224
6.2.2.2 Multiple Wells .......................................................228
6.2.2.3 Well Spacing and Number of Wells ...................231
6.3 Activated-Carbon Adsorption ........................................................233
6.3.1 Description of the Activated-Carbon Adsorption ..........233
6.3.2 Adsorption Isotherm and Adsorption Capacity .............233