Page 8 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Contents

Preface ................................................................................................................... xiii
About the Author ..................................................................................................xv

1 Introduction .....................................................................................................1
1.1 Background and Objectives .................................................................1
1.2 Organization of the Book .....................................................................2
1.3 How to Use This Book ..........................................................................3

2 Site Assessment and Remedial Investigation ...........................................5
2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................5
2.2 Determination of Extent of Contamination ......................................7
2.2.1 Mass and Concentration Relationship ..................................7
2.2.2 Amount of Soil from Tank Removal or from
Excavation of the Impacted Area .........................................18
2.2.3 Amount of Impacted Soil in the Vadose Zone ...................22
2.2.4 Mass Fraction and Mole Fraction of Components in
Gasoline ...................................................................................25
2.2.5 Height of Capillary Fringe....................................................29
2.2.6 Estimating the Mass and Volume of the Free-
Floating Product .....................................................................31
2.2.7 Determination of the Extent of Contamination:
A Comprehensive Example ..................................................34
2.3 Soil Borings and Groundwater Monitoring Wells .........................36
2.3.1 Amount of Cuttings from Soil Boring ................................37
2.3.2 Amount of Packing Material and/or Bentonite Seal ........38
2.3.3 Well Volume for Groundwater Sampling ...........................39
2.4 Mass of COCs Present in Different Phases .....................................41
2.4.1 Equilibrium between Free Product and Vapor .................41
2.4.2 Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium ...................................................45
2.4.3 Solid–Liquid Equilibrium .....................................................50
2.4.4 Solid–Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium ........................................54
2.4.5 Partition of COCs in Different Phases ................................56
References .......................................................................................................66

3 Plume Migration in Aquifer and Soil ......................................................67
3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................67
3.2 Groundwater Movement ....................................................................68
3.2.1 Darcy’s Law ............................................................................68
3.2.2 Darcy Velocity versus Seepage Velocity .............................70
3.2.3 Intrinsic Permeability versus Hydraulic Conductivity ....72

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