Page 11 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

x Contents

6.3.3 Design of an Activated-Carbon Adsorption System ......236
6.3.3.1 Empty-Bed Contact Time ....................................236
6.3.3.2 Cross-Sectional Area ...........................................236
6.3.3.3 Height of the Activated-Carbon Adsorber .......236
6.3.3.4 COC Removal Rate by the Activated-
Carbon Adsorber ..................................................237
6.3.3.5 Change-Out (or Regeneration) Frequency ........237
6.3.3.6 Configuration of the Activated-Carbon
Adsorbers ..............................................................237
6.4 Air Stripping ......................................................................................240
6.4.1 Description of the Air-Stripping Process .........................240
6.4.2 Design of an Air-Stripping System ................................... 241
6.4.2.1 Column Diameter .................................................244
6.4.2.2 Packing Height .....................................................244
6.5 Ex Situ Biological Treatment ............................................................247
6.5.1 Description of the Ex Situ Biological Treatment
Process ............................................................................... 247
6.5.2 Design of an Aboveground Biological System ................248
6.6 In Situ Groundwater Remediation ..................................................250
6.6.1 Description of the In Situ Bioremediation Process ..........250
6.6.2 Addition of Oxygen to Enhance Biodegradation ............250
6.6.3 Addition of Nutrients to Enhance Biodegradation .........254
6.7 Air Sparging ......................................................................................256
6.7.1 Description of the Air-Sparging Process ..........................256
6.7.2 Oxygen Addition from Air Sparging ................................256
6.7.3 Injection Pressure of Air Sparging ....................................258
6.7.4 Power Requirement for Air Injection ................................260
6.8 Biosparging ........................................................................................262
6.9 Metal Removal by Chemical Precipitation ....................................262
6.10 In Situ Chemical Oxidation ..............................................................264
6.11 Advanced Oxidation Process ..........................................................266
References .....................................................................................................268

7 VOC-Laden Air Treatment ........................................................................269
7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................269
7.2 Activated-Carbon Adsorption ........................................................269
7.2.1 Description of the Activated-Carbon Adsorption
Process ...................................................................................269
7.2.2 Sizing Criteria for Granular Activated Carbon ...............270
7.2.3 Adsorption Isotherm and Adsorption Capacity .............270
7.2.4 Cross-Sectional Area and Height of GAC Adsorbers .....273
7.2.5 COC Removal Rate by an Activated-Carbon
Adsorber ...........................................................................275
7.2.6 Change-Out (or Regeneration) Frequency ....................... 276
7.2.7 Amount of Carbon Required (On-Site Regeneration) ....277