Page 276 - The ISA Handbook in Contemporary Sociology

9781412934633-Chap-16 1/10/09 9:23 AM Page 247

MILITARY PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 247

such officers from being candid about this NOTE
observation.
Fourth, we also know that the manner in 1 Revision of a paper prepared for presentation at
which that ‘strategic pushing’ is provided on the International Sociological Association 2004
the ground by the military forces of different Research Council Conference, University of Ottawa,
May 28–30. This research was supported in part by
nations working with other non-military
the US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
actors has a bearing on the outcome. While and Social Sciences under contract W74V8H-05-
some national forces take well to peacekeep- K-0007, and by the Canadian Forces Leadership
ing, others find it more difficult or at least Institute under contract DND 2002/0603. We are
have rather different attitudes toward the use grateful to the editors and to three anonymous
reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of
of force, as in recent discussions of the con-
this chapter.
duct of the US and UK armed forces in Iraq
(Aylwin-Foster, 2005). As Janowitz pointed
out long ago, the military needs to be acutely
aware of the political context in which they REFERENCES
operate. That is to say, force should be used
to produce a political effect: in particular to Alley, Roderic (1998) The United Nations in
influence warring parties, who are warring Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.
not only with each other but also with those NY: St. Martin’s Press.
from outside, seeking to provide the momen- Aylwin-Foster, Nigel (2005) ‘Changing the Army
for Counter-insurgency Operation’, Military
tum for a political framework in which they
Review, November–December: 1–15.
can co-exist, to settle a dispute, and to ensure
Blechman, Barry H. and Vaccaro, J. Matthew
that those who wish to continue to fight –
(1994) Training for Peacekeeping: The
indeed to perceive the forces of intervening United Nations’ Role. NY: The
parties as hostile invaders – are isolated from Henry L. Stimson Center.
the mainstream of civilian politics. As they Boene, Bernard and Martin, Michel L. (2000)
face this challenging task, the armed services ‘France: In the Throes of Epoch-
of different nations need to digest the key making Change’, in Charles C. Moskos,
lesson of the past fifty years or so: that there John. A. Williams and David R. Segal (eds.)
is no purely military battlefield any more The Postmodern Military: Armed Forces after
(Smith, 2005). How they deal with this fact the Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. pp. 51–79.
and indeed how their behavior is increasingly
Bobrow, Davis. B. and Boyer, Mark A. (1997)
monitored not only by local populations but
‘Maintaining System Stability: Contributions
also by a wider global audience will occupy
to Peacekeeping Operations’, Journal of
a good deal of their time in the future Conflict Resolution, 41: 723–48.
(Aylwin-Foster, 2005; Dandeker, 2006; Brooks, Douglas (2003) ‘Help for Beleaguered
Shaw, 2005). Peacekeepers’, The Washington Post, June 2,
Finally, it is interesting to note that in p. A17.
addressing the challenges of twenty-first Dandeker, Christopher (1999) ‘Military Culture
century military operations, armed forces and Strategic Peacekeeping’, in Leena Parmar
have been drawing on sociological knowl- (ed.) Military Sociology: Global Perspectives.
edge to a level unprecedented since World Jaipur: Rawat Publications. pp. 117–38.
Dandeker, Christopher (2000) ‘The United
War II. This has ranged from drawing on
Kingdom: The Overstretched Military’, in
sociological theory to understand the struc-
Charles C. Moskos, John A. Williams and
ture of unconventional forces involved in
David R. Segal (eds.) The Postmodern
conflicts (e.g., Reed and Segal, 2007) to car- Military: Armed Forces after the Cold War.
rying out research about the impact of Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 32–50.
involvement in these conflicts on soldiers Dandeker, Christopher (2006) ‘Surveillance and
and their families (e.g., Hotopf et al, 2006). Military Transformation: Organizational