Page 453 - A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems
P. 453
Chapter 23 • Materials: Abundance, Purification, and the Energy Cost 465
[6] The World Bank: The growing role of minerals and metals for a low carbon future, Washington d.C,
2017, World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group.
[7] Andersson BA: Material constraints on technology evolution: the case of scarce metals and emerging
energy technologies, Goteborg, Sweden, 2001, Thesis for the degree of doctor of Philosophy, depart-
ment of Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers university of Technology and Goteborg university.
[8] Cranstone DA: A history of mining and mineral exploration in Canada and outlook for the future,
Ottawa, Canada, 2002, department of natural Resources.
[9] N.R.C.: Minerals, critical minerals and the US economy, Washington d.C., uS, 2007, The national
Academies Press.
[10] Erdmann L, Graedel TE: Criticality of non-fuel minerals: a review of major approaches and analy-
ses, Environ Sci Technol 45:7620–7630, 2011.
[11] Graedel TE, Reck BK: Six years of criticality assessments: what have we learned so far? J Ind Ecol
20:692–699, 2015.
[12] Mudd GM, Jowitt SM, Werner TT: The world’s by-product and critical metal resources part I: uncer-
tainties, current reporting practices, implications and grounds for optimism, Ore Geol Rev 86:924–
938, 2017.
[13] Hubbert MK: Nuclear energy and the fossil fuels (presented before the spring meeting of the Southern
District Division of Production, American Petroleum Institute, San Antonio, Texas, March 8, 1956),
houston, uS, 1956, Shell development Company, Exploration and Production Research division.
[14] Rosa RN, Rosa DRN: Exergy cost of extracting mineral resources. In Miguel AF, Heitor Reis, Rosa RN,
editors: Evora, Portugal: Proceedings of the 3rd International Energy, Exergy and Environment Sym-
posium, CGE-Evora Geophysics Centre, 2007.
[15] Gordon RB, Bertram M, Graedel TE: Metal stocks and sustainability, Proc Natl Acad Sci 103(5):1209–
1214, 2006.
[16] Laherrere J: Peaks in Argentina Latin America and the world, Washington d.C., uS, 2010, ASPO Con-
ference.
[17] Nassar NT, Graedel TE, Harper EM: By-product metals are technologically essential but have prob-
lematic supply, Sci Adv:1–10, 2015.
[18] Willis P, Chapman A, Fryer A: Study of by-products of copper, lead zinc and nickel, Oakdene hollind
for International lead and Zinc Study Group, International nickel Study Group & International Cop-
per Study Group, 2012.
[19] Jones N: A scarcity of metals is hindering green technologies, yale Environment 360, yale School of
Forestry and Environmental Studies, 2013.
[20] Sherwood J, Ditta A, Haney B, Haarsma L, Dale M: Resource criticality in modern economies: agent-
based model demonstrates vulnerabilities from technological interdependence, Biophys Econ Re-
sour Qual 2:9, 2017.
[21] Grandell L, Thorenz A: Silver supply risk analysis for the solar sector, Renew Energy 69:157–165, 2014.
[22] Grandell L, Lehtila A, Kivinen M, Koljonen T, Khilman S, Lauri LA: Role of critical metals in the future
markets of clean energy, Renew Energy 95:53–62, 2016.
[23] Andersson BA: Materials availability for large-scale thin-film photovoltaics, Prog Photovolt Res Appl
8:61–76, 2000.
[24] Keshner MS, Arya R: Study of potential cost reductions resulting from super large- scale manufacturing
of PV modules: final subcontract report, Golden, uS, 2004, national Renewable Energy laboratory.
[25] Feltrin A, Freundlich A: Material considerations for terawatt level deployment of photovoltaics, Re-
new Energy 33:180–185, 2008.

