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Chapter 2
Thermodynamics I: Internal Energy
Enthalpy, First Law of
Thermodynamics, State Functions,
and Hess’s Law
INTRODUCTION
\ /
2. Internal Energy, AU - q + w 3. Enthalpy, H
1. System + Thermodvnamics - Chapter 2 5. First
Surroundings = Law of
Universe Thermodynamics
7. Worked Example
Figure 2.1 Summary of the contents of Chapter 2
DEFINITION OF THERMODYNAMICS-INTRODUCING THE
SYSTEM AND THE SURROUNDINGS
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the energy transformations
that occur during chemical and physical changes. The part of the
universe that undergoes such a change is termed the system. Every-
thing else outside the system is termed the surroundings. Hence, system
+ surroundings = universe.
