Page 110 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(E) (F)

(G)
FIG. 2.52 Common construction problems of shotcreting of URM walls. (A) Damage to the walls
surfaces due to excessive removing of walls finishing and also insufficient cleaning of the walls
surface. (B) Using improper reinforcement in terms of size and simple rebar; improper overlapping;
not using grout in injection of connection bars. (C) Improper dowel bar. (D) Spraying concrete from
top to bottom and holding the nozzle not perpendicular to the walls surface. (E) Improper concrete;
improper spraying device. (F) Insufficient bars cover. (G) “Hand polishing” the concrete instead of
spraying it with a device; also using mortar instead of concrete. (Permission from DRES.)