Page 143 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

Example of an RC Building Retrofitted by RC Shear Walls Chapter 3 135

FIG. 3.9 Columns plan.

The P-D and P-d effects are taken into account. The diaphragms of the building
are modeled as rigid. All the columns, shear walls, and beams are considered as
primary elements and they contribute in lateral stiffness of the building and
loads distribution between the structural members. The torsion is automatically
computed in the model and the accidental torsion is considered in the calcula-
tions of the seismic demands on the structural members. The soil-structure
interaction is not considered in this project. The effects of simultaneous appli-
cation of earthquake components—100% of the most critical direction of
ground motion and 30% of the ground motion in the orthogonal axis—were
applied to the model.