Page 42 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

34 Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
FIG. 2.19 Damage at walls-roof connection. (A) Sliding of roof on walls after Ahar earthquake,
2012. (B) Sliding of roof on walls. (C) Sliding of roof on walls. (D) Sliding of roof on walls. (Per-
mission from DRES.)

(A) (B)
FIG. 2.20 Damage due to a damped wall’s base. (A) Cracking at the base of the wall due to damp.
(B) Masonry deterioration from uprising damp. (Photo taken by Mohammad Yekrangnia.)
2.4.10.2 Damage Due to Foundation Settlement
In some cases, improper condition of soil and also foundation has led to unbal-
anced settlements in URM walls, which in some cases can be very severe.
Although not classified as earthquake damage, this kind of damage consider-
ably weakens walls, and hence can indirectly be the main cause of severe dam-
age and even the collapse of walls during an earthquake. Fig. 2.21 shows an