Page 41 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(E) (F)

(G) (H)

(I) (J)
FIG. 2.18 Examples of damage to CM buildings in past earthquakes. (A) Concrete crushing in ties
due to poor concrete quality (crushed by hand). (B) Shear failure in ties due to large hoops spacing.
(C) Shear failure of horizontal tie due to inadequate shear reinforcement. (D) Poor connection of
horizontal and vertical ties. (E) Poor connection of horizontal and vertical ties. (F) Poor connection
of horizontal and vertical ties. (G) Poor connection of vertical tie and wall; poor concrete quality.
(H) Poor connection of horizontal tie and wall. (I) Poor construction and concrete quality (note the
placed block in concrete); poor connection of horizontal and vertical ties. (J) Poor construction and
concrete quality (note the placed brick in concrete). (Permission from DRES.)