Page 483 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

426 Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

TABLE 6.6 Typology of Rural Houses of Iran—cont’d

Type 9: Brick/cement block
walls with jack-arch roof (with
tie-beams)
Location: In almost all rural
regions. This type is built with
industrial materials and as a
result is not restricted to one
specific climate.
Description: Unreinforced
masonry buildings, weak even
against moderate earthquakes.
Among problems: large
openings, too much spacing
between bearing beams, lack
of technical know-how
(e.g., using mud mortar instead
of sand-cement mortar), and
low ductility.

Adobe walls - wooden flat roof
6% 11% Adobe walls - arched roof
2%
Stone walls - wooden flat roof
20%
Wooden walls - inclined roof
14%
Concrete block walls - inclined roof
4% Brick/concrete block walls - wooden flat roof
5%
Brick/concrete block walls - arched roof
13% Brick/concrete block walls - jack arched roof
25% (without tie-beam)
Brick/concrete block walls - jack arched roof
(with tie-beam)
FIG. 6.23 Distribution of Types of Rural Houses in Iran.

buildings are usually found in arid and semi-arid areas, mostly in rural regions.
Although recently, the majority of large cities in Iran have undergone great
changes with respect to construction types and development, some adobe build-
ings can still be found in urban and especially suburban areas [33]. Foundation,
in its best form, is limited to about 50cm of digging the ground and filling it with
lime-sand mortar and stone or the wall materials up to ground level [32]. Gen-
erally, foundation construction is mostly affected by the topography of the site