Page 11 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

^i
simple
аи;
иимшшииь
anu
rreseril
rreseni simple (ib uu) aig FY?" Gurutiuuus
(I am doing) (1)
(1 am doing) (1)
use the present simple to describe things that are always true, or situations that exist now and,
We use the present simple to describe things that are always true, or situations that exist now and,
We
far as we know, will go on indefinitely:
as as far as we know, will go on indefinitely:
It takes me five minutes to get to school.
2 • * It takes me five minutes to get to school.
quickly in summer than in winter. Liz plays the violin brilliantly.
Trees grow more
• * Trees grow more quickly in summer than in winter. • * Liz plays the violin brilliantly.
To talk about particular actions or events that have begun but have not ended at the time of of
To talk about particular actions or events that have begun but have not ended at the time
use the present continuous:
speaking, we use the present continuous:
speaking, we
The car isn't starting again.
2 • * The car isn't starting again.
are you phoning?' 'I'm trying to get through to Joan.'
‘Who
• * 'Who are you phoning?’ ‘I'm trying to get through to Joan.'
shop is so inefficient that many customers are taking their business elsewhere.
The
• * The shop is so inefficient that many customers are taking their business elsewhere.
We often use time expressions such as at the moment, at present, currently, just, and still to
We often use time expressions such as at the moment, at present, currently, just, and still to
emphasise that the action or event is happening now:
emphasise that the action or event is happening now:
Tm just going.'
• * 'Have you done the shopping?' ‘I’mjust going.’
'Have you done the shopping?’
Notice that the action or event may not be going on at the time of speaking:
Notice that the action or event may not be going on at the time of speaking:
are talking to a number of people about the robbery.
• * The police
The police are talking to a number of people about the robbery.
use the present simple to talk about habits or things that happen on a regular basis:
We use the present simple to talk about habits or things that happen on a regular basis:
We
leave work at 5.30 most days.
• * I JT leave work at 5.30 most days.
to Turkey for a holiday.
• * Each July we go to Turkey for a holiday.
Each July we go
actions or events that are happening at or around the time
However, when we describe repeated
However, when we describe repeated actions or events that are happening at or around the time
use the present continuous:
of speaking, we
of speaking, we use the present continuous:
Why are you jumping up and down?
• ¢ Why are you jumping up and down?
hearing a lot of good reports about your work these days.
I'm
• ¢ I'm hearing a lot of good reports about your work these days.
use the present continuous or the present simple to describe something that we regularly
We can
We can use the present continuous or the present simple to describe something that we regularly
do at a particular time. Compare:
do at a particular time. Compare:
usually watch the news on TV at 9.00. (= we start watching at 9.00)
We usually watch the news on TV at 9.00. (= we start watching at 9.00)
• * We
usually watching the news on TV at 9.00. (= we're already watching at 9.00)
We're
• * We're usually watching the news on TV at 9.00. (= we're already watching at 9.00)
We use the present continuous to imply that a situation is or may be temporary. Compare:
We use the present continuous to imply that a situation is or may be temporary. Compare:
lend money to make a profit, (this is what usually happens)
Banks lend money to make aprofit. (this is what usually happens)
• * Banks
are lending more money (these days) to encourage businesses to expand, (implies a
Banks are lending more money (these days) to encourage businesses toexpand. (implies a
• * Banks
temporary arrangement)
temporary arrangement)
(a permanent arrangement)
• * She teaches Maths in a school inBonn.
She teaches Maths in a school in Bonn, (a permanent arrangement)
(implies that this is not, or may not be, permanent)
• * She's teaching Maths in a school in Bonn, (implies that this is not, or may not be, permanent)
She's teaching Maths in a school inBonn.
often use the present simple with verbs that perform the action they describe:
We often use the present simple with verbs that perform the action they describe:
We
(= an admission)
J admit I can't see as well as I used to.
• * I admit I can't see as well as I used to. (= an admission) include a refusal) acknowledge, advise,
suppose, warn. advise f you contnuous (2) => Present contnuousorheuture = been turned down.
believe that he didn't know the car was stolen.
(=
refuse to
• *
I Trefuse to believe that he didn't know the car was stolen. (= a refusal)
performative
this
like
verbs)
(sometimes
called
accept,
verbs
Other
Other verbs like this (sometimes called performative verbs) include accept, acknowledge, advise,
apologise, assume, deny, guarantee, hope, inform, predict, promise, recommend, suggest,
apologise, assume, deny, guarantee, hope, inform, predict, promise, recommend, suggest,
suppose, warn.
to make what we
use
modals with performative
verbs
or polite:.
say more tentative
can
We
We can use modals with performative verbs to make what we say more tentative or polite:.
arrive
two
would
the
flight
hours
before
to
leaves.
• *
I I would advise you to arrive two hours before the flight leaves.
I
have
afraid
inform you that your application
funding has
to
for
• *
I'm
I'm afraid I have to inform you that your application for funding has been turned down.
and
Present
i
i
present
smpe
l
t
f
f
Present ee me Aetokes
i tte toa
l
i
smpeorheuture
=> IffltXEl
t
f