Page 13 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

[i u u ; d i i u p i e s t M i L
PIGoGlll oHTIPIG U U I I L I I I U U U S
b i n i p i u (EGU) all PIGoolit CULUMIUUUS
( I a m d o i n g ) ( 2 )
(|
am
(2)
doing)
often prefer to use the present simple rather than the present continuous with verbs describing
We
We often prefer to use the present simple rather than the present continuous with verbs describing
states:
States:
I really enjoy travelling.
2 • * TIT really enjoy travelling.
The group currently consists of five people, but we hope to get more members soon.
• ¢ The group currently consists of five people, but we hope to get more members soon.
Г Other common state verbs include agree, assume, believe, belong to, contain, cost, disagree, feel,
Other common state verbs include agree, assume, believe, belong to, contain, cost, disagree, feel,
hate, have, hope, know, like, look, love, own, prefer, realise, regret, resemble, smell, taste.
hate, have, hope, know, like, look, love, own, prefer, realise, regret, resemble, smell, taste.
use the present continuous with some state verbs when we want to emphasise
However, we can use the present continuous with some state verbs when we want to emphasise
However, we can
for a period of time around the present. Compare:
that a situation is temporary, for a period of time around the present. Compare:
that a situation is temporary,
consider him to be extremely fortunate. (This is my view) and
• * I I consider him to be extremely fortunate. (This is my view) and
considering taking early retirement. (This is something I'm thinking about now)
• ¢ I'm considering taking early retirement. (This is something I'm thinking about now)
I'm
us. (They love it when Jean stays) and
• * The children love having Jean stay with us. (They love it when Jean stays) and
The children love having Jean stay with
are loving having Jean stay with us. (Jean is staying with us now)
The children
• * The children are loving having Jean stay with us. (Jean is staying with us now)
some verbs used to describe a temporary state (e.g. ache, feel, hurt, look (= seem)), there is
With some verbs used to describe a temporary state (e.g. ache, feel, hurt, look (= seem)), there is
With
difference in meaning when we use the present simple and present continuous:
little
little difference in meaning when we use the present simple and present continuous:
the matter with Bill? He looks / is looking awful.
What's the matter with Bill? He looks / is looking awful.
• * What's
a non-state meaning - for example when it means 'eat', 'undergo', 'take' or
When have has a non-state meaning - for example when it means ‘eat’, 'undergo’, ‘take’ or
When have has
- we can use the present continuous:
‘hold’
'hold' - we can use the present continuous:
terrible noise?' 'The neighbours are having a party.'
• * 'What's that terrible noise?’ 'The neighbours are having a party.’
‘What's that
use the present continuous when we talk about changes, developments, and trends:
eWe use the present continuous when we talk about changes, developments, and trends:
: : @gWe
of visitors is damaging the footpaths.
• ° • * The growing number of visitors is damaging the footpaths.
The growing number
beginning to realise how difficult it is to be a teacher.
I'm
• ¢ I'm beginning to realise how difficult it is to be a teacher.
a story or joke we often describe the main events using the present (or past) simple
When we tell
When we tell a story or joke we often describe the main events using the present (or past) simple
(or past) continuous:
and longer, background events using the present (or past) continuous:
and longer, background events using the present
goes (or went) up to this man and looks (or looked) straight into his eyes. She's carrying
She
• ¢ She goes (or went) up to this man and looks (or looked) straight into his eyes. She's carrying
carrying) a bag full of shopping...
(or was
(or was carrying) a bag full of shopping...
use the present simple and present continuous like this in
We can also use the present simple and present continuous like this in
We can also
(for example, on sports events) and in giving instructions:
commentaries (for example, on sports events) and in giving instructions:
commentaries
serves to the left hand court and Adams makes a wonderful
King
• * King serves to the left hand court and Adams makes a wonderful
She's playing magnificent tennis in this match...
return.
return. She's playing magnificent tennis in this match...
one hand. Right, you're holding it in one hand;
You hold the can
• * You hold the can in in one hand. Right, you're holding it in one hand;
you take off the lid with the other.
now
now you take off the lid with the other.
When we want to emphasise that something is done repeatedly, we can use the present continuous
When we want to emphasise that something is done repeatedly, we can use the present continuous
words like always, constantly, continually, or forever. Often we do this when we want to
with words like always, constantly, continually, or forever. Often we do this when we want to
with
are unhappy about it, including our own behaviour:
show that we are unhappy about it, including our own behaviour:
show that we
The present simple is used to report what we have heard or what we have read: I see, and I
the
early hours
of the morning.
until
constantly
having parties
• ¢
They're constantly having parties until the early hours of the morning.
They're
in the same way:
(see Unit 6)
We use the past continuous
We use the past continuous (see Unit 6) in the same way:
He was forever including me in his crazy schemes.
He was forever including me in his crazy schemes.
• *
used to report what we have heard or what we
is
have read:
simple
The present
so
been
explains
why unemployment
rising
has
article
quickly.
• *
This newspaper
This newspaper article explains why unemployment has been rising so quickly.
We also use the present simple in spoken English in phrases such as I gather, I hear,
We also use the present simple in spoken English in phrases such as I gather, I hear, I see, and I
introduce
have heard,
seen
news that we
or
read
(e.g.
on television):
understand to
understand to introduce news that we have heard, read or seen (e.g. on television):
about the
job?
new
gather you're worried
• ¢
I I gather you're worried about the new job?
The Prince is coming to visit, and I hear he's very rich.
• *
The Prince is coming to visit, and I hear he's very rich.
^
Present continuous for the future =
Present simple and present continuous (1) =>
Present simple and present continuous (1) =Ф Д | Present continuous for the future - =>
Present simple in reporting => IH'IHtH
Present simple for the future => BlffiXFl

Present simple forthe future=> FRTZFY
PResertsmpeinrepoting=> FRR