Page 215 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

C o n n e c t i n g i d e a s b e t w e e n a n d w i t h i n s e n t e n c e s
and
ideas
Connecting
sentences
between
within
Some words (adverbs or prepositional phrases used as adverbs) are used to connect ideas
Some words (adverbs or prepositional phrases used as adverbs) are used to connect ideas
between one sentence and a previous sentence or sentences:
between one sentence and a previous sentence or sentences:
sent
no
a
result,
heating
workers
As
had
the
in
There
be
to
was
the
building.
home.
2 • ¢ There was no heating in the building. As a result, the workers had to be sent home.
• ¢ We could go skiing at Christmas. Alternatively, we could just stay at home.
just
could
stay
We
Alternatively,
at
could
go
home.
Christmas.
skiing
we
at
Others (conjunctions or prepositions) are used to connect ideas within a a single sentence:
prepositions)
used
ideas
single
connect
within
sentence:
to
(conjunctions
or
Others
are
• ¢ While I was waiting, I read a magazine.
I
a
read
I
waiting,
magazine.
was
While
• ¢ I'll be wearing aa red jumper so that you cancan see me easily.
I'll
jumper
so
be
see
me
wearing
easily.
that
you
red
used
also
connect two
can
connect
to
clauses
between
ideas
one
in
sentences
Many words
Many words used to connect ideas between sentences can also connect two clauses in one
sentence when they are joined with and, but, or, so, aa semi-colon (;), colon (:), or dash (-):
or
dash
semi-colon
when
or,
so,
(-):
with
(;),
colon
and,
are
(:),
but,
joined
sentence
they
The building was extremely well constructed and, consequently, difficult to demolish.
• ¢ The building was extremely well constructed and, consequently, difficult to demolish.
• ¢ You could fly via Singapore; however, this isn't the only way.
You could fly via Singapore; however, this isn't the only way.
B Here are some examples of adverbs that connect ideas.
Here are some examples of adverbs that connect ideas.

connection
of
sentences
type of connection between sentences within sentences
type
within
sentences
between

(but
on the
see D), nevertheless,
however
although,
though,
comparing, contrasting however (but see D), nevertheless, on the although, though,
comparing, contrasting
on
the contrary,
though,
other hand,
though,
and concession (i.e. other hand, on the contrary, though, even though,
and concession (i.e.
even
something
that
after
in any case,
all,
instead,
alternatively,
admitting
admitting something that alternatively, instead, after all, in any case, while, yet,
yet,
while,
surprising)
be
in contrast, by contrast, otherwise, even so
whereas
may
may be surprising) in contrast, by contrast, otherwise, even so whereas

reasons, purposes
because,
as,
since,
causes,
causes, reasons, purposes therefore, consequently, hence, as a because, since, as,
therefore, consequently, hence, as a
in
(formal),
consequence
consequence,
and results consequence, in consequence (formal), so, in order to,
to,
and results
so,
order
in
thus, as a result, so so so thatthat
so
thus, as a result,

ideas
in addition, furthermore, too, as well,
adding ideas in addition, furthermore, too, as well,
adding
moreover, what's more,
similarly,
likewise,
likewise, similarly, moreover, what's more,
also
also

same time,
at that time
while, as, when,
one event at the
at the

meanwhile, at the same time, at that time
meanwhile,
time: one event at the
when,
while,
time:
as,
as another
whenever
same time
same time as another
whenever
before
one event
then,
afterwards,
before,
that,
after,
before
as
after
after,
as
time: one event before
time:
before,
soon,
soon, then, afterwards, after that, before
another
since
subsequently
that,
that, subsequently
another
soon as,
soon as, since

of the
fact doesn't make the
sentence
Even though is
• o Even so is a prepositional phrase used to introduce unions has been lost, their political influence
to
used
untrue.
aa
doesn't
the
Even
say thatthat
to
fact
though
is
say
conjunctionconjunction
untrue.
used
restrest
the
make
aa
of
sentence
sentence:
It connects
within
ideas
sentence:
connects
aa
It
ideas
within
Even though much of the power of the trade unions has
•
power
the
trade
Even
the
¢
lost,
political
much
of
influence
their
of
though
been
should not be underestimated.
should not be underestimated.
fact that is
light of what
the
is
so
surprising
surprising inin
of
prepositional
aa
a
to
Even
introduce
the
light
used
what
that
is
phrase
fact
sentences:
just
said.
ideas
It connects
between
was just said. It connects ideas between sentences:
was
)
Even so, their political influence
Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost.
• * Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. Even so, their political influence
should not be underestimated.
should not be underestimated.
4
1(
Although however is often used to connectconnect ideas between sentences, it cancan also be used to
however
between
be
sentences,
Although
ideas
used
it
to
to
used
also
often
is
connect ideas within a a sentence:
connect
sentence:
within
ideas
• ¢ whenwhen it is followed by adjective, adverb, or much/many:
it is followed by anan
adjective,
or
adverb,
much/many:
• ¢ We just don't have the money to do the work, however necessary you think it is.
think
money
the
necessary
to
the
We
is.
have
do
don't
just
however
you
it
work,
• ¢ when it means 'no matter how':
when
matter
how’:
means
'no
it
• ¢ However she held the mirror, she couldn't see the back of her neck.
the
she
neck.
mirror,
the
couldn't
her
of
held
see
she
back
However
even
and
Even though and even if => III'IIHJEmr
Even though
=>
if