Page 167 - Advances in bioenergy (2016)

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Pyrolysis char and pyrolysis oil are mixed to obtain a slurry (bioSynCrude ). The rapid and
efficient conversion of the mixture during gasification essentially depends on the size
distribution of the coke particles. Rapid pyrolysis enables a pyrolysis conden-sates/pyrolysis
char mixing ratio that is ideal for the slurry and contributes to optimizing product yields.

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The bioSynCrude is atomized with hot oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier and is converted
°C
above 1200 into a tar-free, low-methane raw synthesis gas. The gasifier used is particularly
suited for the high amounts of biomass ashes that are produced during gasification. The process
is performed at pressures that are determined by the subsequent synthesis. There is no need for
complex gas compression procedures. While FT syntheses require process pressures of up to
30 bar, methanol or DME syntheses are carried out at up to 80 bar. The bioliq pilot gasifier is
designed for 5 MW (1 t/h) and two pressure stages of 40 and 80 bar. 30

Cleaning of raw synthesis gases: particles, alkaline salts, H S, COS, CS , HCl, NH , and HCN
3
2
2
are removed to avoid catalyst poisoning during fuel synthesis. The pilot plant is equipped with
an innovative hot-gas cleaning system for particle filtration, pollutant decomposition, and
adsorption at 500°C. 31

The clean syngas is finally converted over methanol/DME to gasoline.

Using Coal Gasification Technology and Adjusting the Biomass
Properties by Torrefaction (BioTfueL)

The aim of the BioTfueL project is to develop market and end-to-end chain of technologies to

produce second-generation biodiesel and biojet fuel. The biodiesel and biojet fuel produced
will be suitable for use in all types of diesel and jet engines, either pure or in blends. 32

The BioTfueL project will develop technologies for converting lignocellulosic biomass—such
as straw, forest waste, and dedicated crops—into synthetic fuel, by validating their technical
and economic feasibility in demonstration units and optimizing their energy efficiency and
environmental impact.

The whole process chain, which can be seen in Figure 7.4, includes R&D (CEA, IFP Energies
33
nouvelles ), licensors of the technology (Axens, Uhde), and fuel producers (Sofiprotéol,
Total).

BioTfueL project is planned for 7 years (2010–2016) and total funds allocated are 1127M.

The BioTfueL project uses torrefaction as first step, to convert biomass into a product similar
to coal. Afterward a coal gasifier (PRENFLO) is used to produce the synthesis gas. The
biomass pretreatment and torrefaction take place at Sofiprotéol site in Venette and gasification,
purification, and synthesis at Total site in Dunkirk.