Page 288 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

[86]
Ref.
[78]
[78]
(%)
yield
101 2.7
Max.
60
95
microalgae
Base catalyst (NaOH) 0.5%wt. in methanol
methanol to hexane ratio 3:1; 80min; 45°C
solvent
ratio¼6:4:1
600rpm.
dichloride
from
mixed
dichloride
methanol
15min;
0.5wt%
Mixing
producing
(12mL)
10min)
biomass
Mg 2 Zr 5 O 12
45mL
methylene
45°C;
conditions
to
(NaOH)
methylene
t¼15min,
solution
(350W;
solution
Transesterification:
in
extraction:
methanol:
biodiesel
speed¼600rpm.
(v/v);
t¼4h
catalyst
catalyst:
Pretreatment:
catalyst
to
microwave
Operating
Hexane-oil
Cosolvent:
hexane-oil
ratio¼6:1
T¼45°C,
(ml/ml/g)
Methanol
T¼65°C,
10wt%.
hexane:
Solvent
transesterification Ecofuel conversion technology of inedible lipid feedstocks to renewable fuel (v/v) ratio¼3:1 [87] 90.02 0.55 hexane Cosolvent: (v/v) ratio¼1:2 ethanol to Hexane (0.6mL) H 2 SO 4 Catalyst: 6mL dosage Solvent t¼2h T¼90°C, Continued 251
Solid
Base
two-step JSC4 biomass) JSC4 56.6%–60.5%)
and strains sp. dry sp. content:
trans(esterification) Microalgae Chlamydo-monas 31.3% (slurry: Chlamydomonas solid (Cake, Nannochloropsis sp. Chlorella
situ
in
Catalytic
9.6 transesterification trans(esterification) trans(esterification) trans(esterification)
Table Process Two-step situ In situ In situ In