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252 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment
Ref. [85] [84] [81] [81] [77]
(%)
yield
Max. 99.5 85.7 1.7 99.7 94.6 42
(ml/g) 1 (ml/g) (20wt%) speed¼500rpm. (ml/g)
pressure (N435) 435 ratio¼0.32:1 ratio¼4.6: ratio¼7.1:1 2mL pumice Mixing
conditions high Novozym mass oil oil t¼56h 1mL 0.3mL HCl: chloroform: t¼2h 200mg 2mL 50μL H 2 SO 4: t¼1h 200mg 1mL H 2 SO 4 :50μL t¼1h impregnated t¼3h, biomass¼12:1
Operating Pre-treatment: homogenization Catalyst: oil to N435 to Methanol to t-butanol T¼40°C, Methanol: Catalyst Cosolvent T¼95°C, biomass: Wet Methanol: Catalyst T¼100°C, biomass: Wet Ethanol: Catalyst T¼100°C, Catalyst: T¼80°C, to Methanol
B-3 (DI moisture (moisture
gaditana gaditana 80% salina powder)
strains biomass) saturation: 1%) (dry sp.
Microalgae Nannochlo-ropsis dry (25% Nannochlo-ropsis water content) Nannochlo-ropsis 76.5 content: Chlorella
Continued
9.6 trans(esterification) trans(esterification) trans(esterification) trans(esterification)
Table Process situ In situ In situ In situ In