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Physicochemical fuel properties and tribological behavior of aegle marmelos correa biodiesel 317

instrument in the lubricant industry to develop and test new lubricants. The experi-
ment was carried out in accordance with the ASTM D4172 standard method and
details are given in Table 11.1. In this study, the lubricity of pure AMC biodiesel
(B100) and diesel (B0) were investigated. The schematic representation of the
four-ball wear test is shown in Fig. 11.1. In this, three balls are held together inflexibly
in a lower cup, and the fourth one is held in an upper rotating spindle at the top.

Table 11.1 Test conditions for four-ball friction and wear test

Test parameters
Applied load (kg) 40
Speed (rpm) 1200
Fuel temperature (°C) 35
Time (s) 3600

Ball dimensions
Material Chrome alloy steel
Composition C: (0.95–1.10)%, Cr: (1.3–1.6)%, Fe: balance
Diameter (mm) 12.7
Hardness (HRc) 62

Load

Rotating ball chuck

Rotating ball

Fuel sample

Stationary ball

Fig. 11.1 Schematic representation of four-ball tribotester.