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Physicochemical fuel properties and tribological behavior of aegle marmelos correa biodiesel 319

Fig. 11.2 Infrared spectroscopy spectrum of AMC biodiesel.

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were represented by the strongest peak in the FTIR spectra at 1741.67cm . This car-
bonyl functional group was an indication of methyl ester produced by the conversion of
triglycerides. The symmetric and asymmetric CdH alkane existence in biodiesel was
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represented by peaks at 2854.13 and 2923.70cm , respectively, in the FTIR spectra.
They could be methyl (CH 3 ) or methylene groups in the ester chains of the biodiesel.
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The alkene groups were spotted above the wave number of 3000cm . The OdH
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group presence in biodiesel indicates a peak at 3500cm .

11.3.2 The fatty acid composition of AMC biodiesel

Gas chromatography (GC) is the most commonly adopted technique as the standard
method to determine FAME content in biodiesel by regulatory and monitoring agen-
cies in the majority of countries. The composition percentage of fatty acids in Aegle
Marmelos Correa Biodiesel was determined using the analytic method GC-MS that
combines features of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. GC-MS results
show that Aegle Marmelos Correa Biodiesel contains saturated fatty acids such as
behenic acid, arachidic acid, palmitic acid, lignoceric acid, and stearic acid, and unsat-
urated fatty acids such as linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. AMC biodiesel
contains 32.29% saturated fatty acids and the remaining are unsaturated fatty acids.
Linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were present in a large percentage, approx-
imately 25% each in AMC biodiesel. The percentage of each fatty acids shown in
Fig. 11.3.