Page 88 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

62 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Table 3.6 Comparisons of properties of biodiesel from edible feedstock with diesel fuel

Calorific Viscosity Flash Pour
value Density @ 300K Cetane point point
3 2
Oil type (MJ/kg) (kg/m ) (mm /s) number (°C) (°C)
Diesel fuel a 43.35 815 4.3 47.0 52–96 b
Groundnut methyl 33.6–39.1 876–883 5.16 54 176–202 4
ester c,d,e
Sesame methyl 34.6 850 5.77 53 185 8
ester f
Hazelnut methyl 40.23 860 4.98 i 59 149 13
ester e,g,h
Rapeseed methyl 37.6–40 893–914 39.2 37.6 153–180 –
ester a,d,e
Sunflower methyl 40.1–40.6 878–880 10.3 45.5–49 164–166 6
ester a,d
Soybean methyl 39.8 872–885 11.1 37–47 141 2
ester a,d
Cottonseed methyl 40.6 870–874 11.1 45.5 160 –
ester a,e
Corn methyl ester a 37.83 915 46.3 37.6 – –
Poppy methyl ester a 38.92 921 56.1 – – –
Safflower methyl – 880 – – 167 –
ester e
Walnut methyl ester h 39.47 864 3.88 i 48 – 10
Chinese tallow – 877 – 58 – –
methyl ester e
Palm methyl ester a,d,e 33.5 880 – 62 158–164 –

a
Ref. [32].
b
Pour point less than 30°C.
c
Ref. [33].
d
Ref. [34].
e
Ref. [35].
f
Ref. [23].
g
Ref. [29].
h
Ref. [36].
i
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C.
3.2.1.2 Sesame
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) has been cultivated for centuries, particularly in
Asia and Africa, for its high content of edible oil and protein. According to
worldatlas.com, the largest commercial producers of sesame seeds include India,
China, and Nigeria, with a production of 890, 626, and 580 thousands metric tonnes
of sesame seeds, respectively. Sesame seeds are highly valued for their oil, which is
exceptionally resistant to rancidity. For the most part, the oil is expressed and used
locally for cooking or the seeds are eaten directly, particularly after being fried. Indus-
trially, the oil is useful in the preparation of perfumery, cosmetics (skin conditioning
agents and moisturizers, hair preparations, bath oils, hand products and make-up),