Page 85 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

60 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

miners, fly aphids, caterpillars, orangeworms, borer,

pests leaf termites, thrips, gall tree bugs, stem
Major Aphids, thrips, beetle Aphids, caterpillar, Leafroller, canker, filbertworm Leafroller, borer, mites, caterpillar Moth, caterpillars

spots, spot blight, mildew, Sclerotinia

leaf aflatoxins leaf scorch, Verticillium spot stem
early rusts, leaf-curl, blight, scale, rust, rot, stem, and

diseases disease, spots, of mildew, spot, mosaic, scab mildew, head black Phoma leaf

Major Rosette leaf late Phyllody Leaf mold, Crown gall, spot, leaf Downy and stalk wilt, Alternaria

Maturity duration 140–150days 90–120days 4–5years 8years 85–95days

oils Immediately the the of season Immediately the the of season Mid-March or early April
edible Planting season after onset rainy after onset rainy – –

some of of of of of
for of annum of annum of annum of 820mm annum of annum
analysis Climate Rainfall 450–1250mm per Temperature 27–30°C Rainfall 508–660mm per Temperature 25–30°C Rainfall 800–1000mm per Temperature 12–16°C Rainfall about per Temperature 15–30°C Rainfall 500–1000mm per Temperature 15–25°C

cycle pH pH or with pH

life sandy clay a light a deep, loam soil deep, a loams, silty
and requirements sandy with soil with soil moist loam with soil silt or loams, loams
Cultivation Soil Well-drained or loam loam 6.5–7.0 of Well-drained loamy 5.5–8.0 of Well-drained, fertile sandy apHof6–7 Well-drained, loam 6.8–8.5 of Loams, clay clay

3.5
Table Edible oilseed Groundnut Sesame Hazelnut Almond Sunflower