Page 95 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Prospects of biodiesel feedstock as an effective ecofuel source and their challenges 69

Crambe abyssinica Hochst (Crambe oil), Linum usitatissimum (Linseed oil), Ricinus
communis (Castor oil), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber seed oil), Nicotina tabacum L.
(Tobacco seed oil), Argemone mexicana (Argemone oil), Melia azedarach L. (Azeda-
rach oil), Schleichera triguga (Kusum oil), Asclepias syriaca (Milk weed), Cerbera
odollam (Sea mango), and Moringa [7, 19, 41].
A major factor in the production of biodiesel is the cost of raw materials (A). There-
fore, the cultivation of selected feedstocks as well as factors such as the soil type,
maturity age, and expected life cycle are considered. Other factors such as the percent-
age weight of oil and the fatty acid composition (saturated, monounsaturated, and
polyunsaturated) are included and their values are shown in Tables 3.7–3.10.

3.2.2.1 Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
The oil of Jatropha curcas L., commonly referred to as Jatropha oil, has been consid-
ered a potential oil in various parts of the world for biodiesel production. The tree can
survive in a wide variety of soils and requires little management for cultivation. It

Table 3.7 Cultivation and life cycle of selected nonedible oil

Rainfall Temperature
Oil type Soil type Maturity Life-cycle (mm) (°C)
Jatropha Any type 12months b 50years c 480–2400 a 20–28 a
of soil a
Mahua oil Deep 10years d 60years e 550–1500 a 46 a
clay a
Neem oil Deep Maximum 150–200years f 750–1000 a 15–45 a
clay a productivity
after
15years a
Tamanu oil Sand/ – – 750–5000 a 48 a
loamy a
Yellow 18months g –
oleander
Moringa Sandy 6–8months a – 250–3000 a 19–28 a
oleifera oil soil e
Karanja oil Wide 4–7years a – 500–2500 a 38 a
range,
well-
drained
soil h

a
Ref. [7].
b
Ref. [8].
c
Ref. [9].
d
Ref. [10].
e
Ref. [11].
f
Ref. [12].
g
Ref. [2].
h
Ref. [1].