Page 98 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Prospects of biodiesel feedstock as an effective ecofuel source and their challenges 71

values (mgKOH/g)

Acid 0.48 a – 0.19 a – 0.48 f 0.59 – – – – 0.996 a 0.118 g 0.30 a 0.24 h – 0.42 a

Poly-unsaturated (%) 33.00 a 18.50 d 6.49 d 28.37 d 28.37 d 37.40 d 15.80 d 15.85 d 73.20 d 12.60 d 90.90 d 55.90 d 70.25 d 17.80 d 8.30 d 19.00 d

(%)

Mono- unsaturated 45.40 a 44.50 d 82.16 d 49.07 d 46.30 d 40.83 d 45.20 d 77.37 d 19.20 d 60.90 d 4.90 d 24.60 d 14.92 d 48.10 d 69.70 d 51.80 d

seeds

oil (%)
nonedible Saturation 21.60 a 37.00 d 8.78 d 22.56 d 35.80 d 22.00 d 39.00 d 6.78 d 7.60 d 26.50 d 4.20 d 18.90 d 14.90 d 34.10 d 8.90 d 29.20 d

some

of Biodiesel (%) 97–98 c
values yield 99 c – – – 98 c – – – – – – – 91 c – –

acid
and yield Oil (kg/ha) 1900–2500 b 2670 a 1500–2500 e 828L/ha/ year e 4680 a 1129 a 402 a 1575 b 1188 a 80–120 c 2825 a 4680 i 225–2250 b
saturation – – –

of yield/kg (wt%) 20–60 a 40–60 20–30 a 41–42 a 35–50 a 12–25 a 30–38 a 35–45 a 67.00 a 10.42 45–50 a 40–60 a 40–50 36–41 a 25–50 a 30–50
degree Oil seed s: k: s: 48 e s: s: s: 50 k: s: 65 a s: 22 k: s: s: s: k: s: s: k: s: 17 k: – 40 a s: s: k:

the oil
Yield, oil oil seed oleander oil oil seed oleifera

3.9 type oil oil spurge oil bran oil oil oil oil seed mango oil [7]. [2]. [44]. [19]. [4]. [10]. [1]. [45]. [12].
Table Oil Jatropha Neem Caper Putranjiva Mahua Rice Tamanu Crambe Linseed Yellow Castor Rubber Tobacco Sea Moringa Karanja a Ref. b Ref. c Ref. d Ref. e Ref. f Ref. g Ref. h Ref. i Ref.