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exact nature of the parent compound (e.g., nandrolone, norandrostendiol,
or norandrostendione, in the case of positive urine for norandrosterone).
Moreover, long-term use (over several months) of restricted compounds
(only authorized under specific conditions and for a short period), such as
salbutamol or corticoids, can be documented through hair analysis. The
determination of testosterone esters in hair should allow a definitive unam-
biguous confirmation of the administration of exogenous testosterone.
However, some issues have to be discussed before considering hair as a
valid specimen by the IOC and the International Sport Federations. The
relationship between urine and hair results is not yet established and negative
hair result does not mean “no doping.” The potential ethnic discrimination
must be evaluated to avoid inequality during doping control.
In contrast with the problems associated with cosmetic treatments or the
absence of specimen (bald or fully shaved subject), external contamination
does not constitute a major trouble when testing for doping agents.

References

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