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288 Lawrence K. Wang et al.

Fig. 19. Spray tower types: (a) open countercurrent; (b) open cross-current. (From US EPA.)

1. Venturi scrubber
2. Spray tower
3. Tray tower
4. Packed (wet) scrubber
5. A combination tower utilizing two or more of the above choices

Solution

1. First-generation Venturi scrubbers are presented in Fig. 18. Such systems typically
used a fixed-throat design for the Venturi. As such, the throat opening used to form