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xiv Contents

Color Edges 53
Source Code for the Marr-Hildreth Edge Detector 58
Source Code for the Canny Edge Detector 62
Source Code for the Shen-Castan Edge Detector 70
Website Files 80
References 82

Chapter 3 Digital Morphology 85
Morphology Defined 85
Connectedness 86
Elements of Digital Morphology — Binary Operations 87
Binary Dilation 88
Implementing Binary Dilation 92
Binary Erosion 94
Implementation of Binary Erosion 100
Opening and Closing 101
MAX — A High-Level Programming Language for
Morphology 107
The ‘‘Hit-and-Miss’’ Transform 113
Identifying Region Boundaries 116
Conditional Dilation 116
Counting Regions 119
Grey-Level Morphology 121
Opening and Closing 123
Smoothing 126
Gradient 128
Segmentation of Textures 129
Size Distribution of Objects 130
Color Morphology 131
Website Files 132
References 135

Chapter 4 Grey-Level Segmentation 137
Basics of Grey-Level Segmentation 137
Using Edge Pixels 139
Iterative Selection 140
The Method of Grey-Level Histograms 141
Using Entropy 142
Fuzzy Sets 146
Minimum Error Thresholding 148
Sample Results From Single Threshold Selection 149