Page 31 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

xxxii List of symbols

Greek symbols
Symbol Variable name Unit measure
Normal concrete stresses in the y and z directions Pa
σ cy ; σ cz
Vertical stress vector Pa
σ i
Normal stresses Pa
σ kk
Shear stresses Pa
σ kl
Maximum stress permitted in the reinforcement after the formation of Pa
σ r
cracks
σ 0 Vertical effective stress vector Pa
i
σ 1 ; σ 2 ; σ 3 Principal normal stresses Pa
σ ; σ ; σ 0 3 Principal effective normal stresses Pa
0
0
1
2
Total vertical stress at the level of pile base Pa
σ zb
σ th Value of thermally induced stress under blocked conditions Pa
b
Total stress tensor Pa
σ ij
σ 0 Effective stress tensor Pa
ij
σ th Observed value of thermally induced stress Pa
σ o 0 Vertical effective stress at the level of pile base Pa
σ zb Average value of vertical effective stress Pa
0
z
Average value of total vertical stress Pa
σ z
σ th Average observed thermally induced stress Pa
o
Normal stress Pa
σ n
σ 0 Normal effective stress Pa
σ n 0 n0 Initial normal effective stress Pa
σ 0 Average effective normal stress at the pile soil interface after pile Pa
n
installation
σ 0 Effective preconsolidation stress/pressure Pa
p
Stefan Boltzmann constant
σ SB
Shear stress Pa
τ; τ z ; τ rz
Shear stress at the surface Pa
τ s
Thermal time constant s
τ t
Shear strength at constant volume Pa
τ cv
Shear strength due to soil dilatancy Pa
τ D
τ Average shear stress Pa
ζ Stiffness reduction factor
μ Dynamic viscosity of the fluid Pa/s
f
μ Fluid dynamic viscosity at the mean temperature Pa/s
f
μ Fluid dynamic viscosity at the surface Pa/s
ν s Poisson’s ratio
Poisson’s ratio of slab
ν slab
Poisson’s ratio of soil
ν soil
Poisson’s ratio of soil at the level of pile base
ν soil;b
Poisson’s ratio of soil around pile shaft
ν soil;s
Poisson’s ratio of pile
ν EP
Specific volume
ν e
Incremental change of specific volume
dν e
Δν e Elastic change of specific volume
Δν e p Plastic change of specific volume
ψ e Dilatancy angle degrees
ψ Factor for combination value of a variable action
Factor for combination value of a variable action
ψ 0