Page 28 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

List of symbols xxix

Greek symbols
Symbol Variable name Unit measure
γ Partial factor for precompression
γ P Partial factor for variable action or variable action effect
γ Q Partial factor of the dominant variable action or action effect
Q;1
γ Partial factors of the i th variable actions or action effects
Q;i
γ Partial factor for resistance
γ R Partial factor for design resistance
γ Rd Material parameter
T
γ 0 ; γ 0 ; γ ; γ ; γ γ Partial factors for ground parameters
ϕ
γ c cu UCS Partial factor i
δ, δ 0 Pile soil interface angle of shear strength degrees
i
Soil structure interface angle of shear strength under constant volume degrees
δ cv
conditions
Thermal penetration depth m
δ p
Normal displacement m
δ n
Horizontal displacement m
δ h
Kroenecher’s delta
δ ij
Thermal conductivity W/(m C)

λ; λ i
Thermal conductivity of air W/(m C)

λ a

Thermal conductivity of concrete W/(m C)
λ c
Function representing the influence of the degree of saturation
λ e

Equivalent thermal conductivity W/(m C)
λ eq

Thermal conductivity of fluid W/(m C)
λ f
Load-transfer coefficient
λ lt
Thermal conductivity of pipe W/(m C)

λ p
Thermal conductivity of concrete W/(m C)

λ c
Thermal conductivity of solid particles W/(m C)

λ s
Effective height factor
λ sb
Thermal conductivity of soil W/(m C)

λ soil

Thermal conductivity of water W/(m C)
λ w

Thermal conductivity of pile W/(m C)
λ EP
Thermal conductivity of energy wall W/(m C)

λ EW
Haigh equation parameters
λ n;i
λ p Plastic multiplier
λ p Plastic multiplier of the isotropic mechanism
λ iso Plastic multiplier of the deviatoric mechanism
p
λ dev Vector containing λ p and λ p
p
iso dev
l
λ f Factors depending on the pile length

Thermal conductivity of pipe W/(m C)
λ p
Eigen value Pa
λ

Thermal conductivity at a temperature of 0 C W/(m C)

λ ð0Þ
λ ~ Normal consolidation line parameter; compression index
Γ Critical state line parameter
Interconnectivity parameter
Γ in
Λ Pile soil stiffness ratio
μ Dynamic viscosity of fluid Pa s
μ Ratio between Young’s moduli
ε E Total strain ; με
Axial strain ; με
ε a
Concrete strain ; με
ε c