Page 24 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

List of symbols xxv

Roman symbols
Symbol Variable name Unit measure
Transition distance m
s t
Deviatoric stress tensor Pa
s ij
Surface m 2
S
Shape factor
S c
Degree of saturation %
S r
Solid skeleton parameters
S k ; S f
Seasonal factor of performance
SFP
Swelling ratio
SR
Time s
t
Normal stress developed at pile toe Pa
t b
Normal stress developed at pile head Pa
t h
Contact forces vector Pa
t i
Soil shear strength Pa
t s
Residence time of the fluid circulating in the pipes s
t p
Characteristic time of the geothermal heat exchanger s
t ghe
Characteristic time of the heat transfer in the ground s
t g
t 95 Time at 95% of primary consolidation s
Thickness of slab m
t slab
Thickness of wall m
t w
Half of the plane wall thickness m
t w;r
Thickness of lining m
t l
Initial time; reference time s
t 0
ton
t CO2 Tons of CO 2
Reference time s
t
n Average value of normal stress acting on a surface Pa
t
i
Actual value of temperature C
T
Air temperature C
T a
Bulk temperature C
T m;L
T 0 Reference temperature C
Surface temperature of the pipes C
T s
Uniform temperature at the surface of the soil pile interface C
T s2p
Fluid temperature adjoining the inner surface of the pipe C
T s;in
Fluid temperature adjoining the outer surface of the pipe C
T s;out
Temperature at outer pipe side C
T ext
Actual value of fluid temperature C
T f
Characteristic value of temperature C
T k
Actual value of temperature of pile C
T EP
Inflow fluid temperature C
T in
Outflow fluid temperature C
T out
Actual value of temperature of soil C
T soil
Average value of temperature C
T
Average value of inflow fluid temperature C
T in
Average value of outflow fluid temperature C
T out
Average value of soil temperature C
T soil
Average value of temperature at the pile soil interface C
T s2p
Average value of the fluid temperature C
T f
Average value of the inlet fluid temperature C
T in
Average value of the outlet fluid temperature C
T out
Actual temperature at pile radius C
T R