Page 25 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

xxvi List of symbols

Roman symbols
Symbol Variable name Unit measure

T 0 Initial temperature C
T N Temperature at far field C
Internal undisturbed temperature C
T N;in
External undisturbed temperature C
T N;out
Temperature at which plasticity occurs C
~ T
Log mean temperature C
T lm
Horizontal/radial displacement m
u
Peculiar length of the control perimeter m
u i
Control perimeter m
u out;ef
Average value of overall heat transfer coefficient W/(m 2 C)
U
Overall heat transfer coefficient W/(m 2 C)
U

Heat transfer capacity W/ C
UA
Normalised velocity of the moving medium m/s
U r
Horizontal displacement m
v
Fluid velocity in relevant direction of pipe (e.g., axial) m/s
v f
Design value of maximum acting punching shear stress Pa
v Ed
Design value of maximum resisting punching shear stress Pa
v Rd
Fluid velocity on a streamline m/s
v w
Critical water fluid velocity m/s
v w;c
v N Characteristic fluid velocity m/s
Fluid velocity vector m/s
v i
Average value of inlet fluid velocity m/s
v in
Average value of fluid velocity in relevant direction of pipes or tubes m/s
v f
Average fluid velocity vector m/s
v rf ;i
Average water velocity vector m/s
v rw;i
Average airflow velocity m/s
v ra
v x;0 Inlet uniform fluid velocity m/s
Fluid velocity in the core m/s
v x;c
Average fluid velocity component along x direction m/s
v x
Fluid velocity component along x direction m/s
v x
0 Velocity along the laminar zone m/s
v
x 3
Volume of the considered body m
V;V i
Volume of the air m 3
V a
Design value for acting shear force N
V Ed
Volume of solid m 3
V s
Volume of pore water m 3
V w
Volume of outflowing water m 3
V dr
Thermal expansion of drainage system m 3
V de
Thermal expansion of pore water m 3
V w
Thermal expansion of solid skeleton m 3
V s
3
Volumetric flow rate m /s
_ V
Vertical displacement m
w
m Vertical displacement caused by a mechanical load m
w
Vertical displacement caused by a thermal load m
th
w
m1th Vertical displacement caused by mechanical and thermal loads m
w
Average value of vertical displacement m
w
Vertical displacement of pile toe m
w b
Vertical displacement of pile head m
w h
Pile shaft displacement m
w s