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Environmental Compliance, CEP, 37-41, March 2001.
8. Gibson, W. D., “Recycling Cooling and Boiler Water,” Chemical Engineering (January
1999): 47–51.
9. Walas, S. M., Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design (Boston: Butterworths
Publ., 1988).
10. Engineering Data Book, 9th ed. (Tulsa, OK: Gas Processors Suppliers Association,
1972).
11. Perry, R. H., and C. H. Chilton, Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 5th ed. (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1973), Figures 12-14 and 12-15.
12. Dyer, D. F., Boiler Efficiency Improvement (Auburn, AL: Boiler Efficiency Institute,
1981).
13. Wolfe, T. W., “Boiler-water Treatment at High Pressures, the Rules Change,” Chemical
Engineering (October 2000): 82–88.
14. Chemical Market Reporter (now incorporated into ICIS Chemical Business, additional
chemical prices are available at http://www.icis.com/StaticPages/a-e.htm#top).
Short Answer Questions
In the general equation for determining the cost of manufacturing (COM ), Equation (8.2), one of the
d
terms is 0.180FCI, where FCI is the fixed capital investment of the plant. “This term is included to
1.
cover the interest payment on the loan for the plant.” Is this statement true or false? Explain your
answer.
Why is the number of operators per shift multiplied by approximately 4.5 to obtain the total number of
2.
operators required to run the plant?
3. What is a stream factor?
When estimating the cost of manufacturing (COM ) for a chemical process, the overall COM may be
4. d d
estimated using only five individual costs. Lists these five costs.
Cooling water is priced on an energy basis: $/GJ. We usually assume the temperature rise to be 10°C.
5. Does the cooling water cost change if the return temperature changes? Are there any limitations to the
return temperature? Explain.
In Equation (8.2), the cost of raw materials, C , is multiplied by a factor of 1.23. The reason for this
RM
is that, in general, we expect that the estimated cost of raw materials will be about 20% low and we
6.
add a correction factor of 1.23 to adjust for this. Do you agree with this explanation? If you do not,
