Page 268 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Sizing and fit for swimsuits and diving suits 263

calculated. A 3D group of points is arranged in parallel, horizontally placed planes
with a resolution of points amounting to about 1mm in the horizontal plane and to
about 2mm in the vertical plane. Each camera records a body segment and processes
the data of the recorded segment in the computer. The individual segments are com-
bined into a group of 3D points, which outlines the body shape. Laser scanning opens
up the possibility of collecting a huge amount of 3D data on the object being recorded.
A group of points in the 3D coordinate system is called point cloud. For several appli-
cations, such as determination of body measurements, it is enough to use the data in
their original form, with minimum subsequent processing or without it. The measured
point cloud enables an almost instant measurement using the computer without phys-
ical access to the real object and the body, respectively. To achieve simpler visuali-
zations and presentations, it is sufficient to generate the topology of the measured
objects (irregular surfaces) by automatic algorithms on the basis of the collected geo-
metric data, whereby their very true models are obtained. All laser scanner manufac-
turers also deliver the computer program, which enables the visualization and
determination of body measurements and the execution of triangulation of 3D points,
whereby certain points are interconnected, resulting in a surface grid, which is used for
object visualization and which can be further processed in a 3D program. The trian-
gulation process is performed automatically, whereby the program uses complex
mathematical algorithms due to a very high density of point that are to be connected;
a correct selection of points presents the most complex part of the triangulation pro-
cess. Each point has its own coordinates (x,y,z), which determine the position of the
point in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. In this system, x, y, and z
are the coordinates orientated in such a way that x- and y-coordinates determine the
plane on which the object stands, while z-coordinate is directed vertically at the plane
(x,y) in the direction of the object height. The Vitus Smart 3D body scanner allows to
make body scans in a range from 1200 800mm and 2100mm in height. The scan-
ning is performed using a system of eight cameras and takes 10s, whereby between
500,000 and 600,000, space coordinates of the scanned body are extracted, Fig. 10.4.

Fig. 10.4 3D group of points as a result of scanning the person using the Vitus Smart 3D scanner
with a computer-controlled determination of the positions of individual measurements on
the body.