Page 273 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

268 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Fig. 10.9 Changes of shoulder and back measurements in different body positions.

width of the back occur, Fig. 10.9. Therefore also the garment moves with the body,
causing the pressure on the body and hindering hand dexterity. When lifting the arms
above the head, which is a characteristic posture in diving, the acromion points
approach, which decreases the shoulder width, Fig. 10.9. Due to compression the gar-
ment is separated from the body, and wrinkles and buckling appear. This can be stated
as a critical area because of the possibility of penetration of water in the space between
the body and the garment (Mahnic Naglic et al., 2016).

10.5 Computer-aided 3D swimsuits and diving suit design

Computer-aided 3D design of clothing presents a complete and complex development
process, from application of 3D body scanning technology to obtain information on
body size and shape, to 3D construction of clothing model directly on body surface
and flattening of 3D surfaces into 2D cutting parts, to simulation of clothing and strain
testing of virtual prototype in static and dynamic conditions of use, Fig. 10.10.

10.5.1 Virtual mannequins as design and construction templates
The scanned body models have to be processed using appropriate software. Processing
includes closing the surface, creating a single-layered polygonal model, and conver-
ting into a suitable format for import into a CAD system, Fig. 10.11. Closing of
scanned surface can be performed using interactive, manual, or automatic process.
Closing is performed by implementing additional polygons on shaded areas, which
are connecting present points using the principle of closest distance. The main insuf-
ficiency in the process is the way of closing the areas with flat surfaces, where curved