Page 192 - Applied Petroleum Geomechanics

CHAPTER 6

In situ stress estimate

Contents

6.1 Overburden stress 188
6.1.1 Overburden stress from bulk density 188
6.1.2 Overburden stress from empirical equations 190
6.1.2.1 Overburden stress for offshore drilling 190
6.1.2.2 Overburden stress for onshore drilling 192
6.2 Minimum horizontal stress from measurements 193
6.2.1 Leak-off tests in normal and strike-slip faulting stress regimes 193
6.2.2 Leak-off tests in the reverse faulting stress regime 196
6.2.3 Minimum stress interpretations from leak-off tests 196
6.2.4 Minimum stress from diagnostic fracture injection test 199
6.2.5 Case example of in situ minimum stress measurement 200
6.3 Minimum horizontal stress calculation 201
6.3.1 Minimum horizontal stress without tectonic impact 201
6.3.2 Minimum horizontal stress with tectonic impact 203
6.3.3 Minimum horizontal stress in anisotropic rocks 207
6.3.4 Minimum horizontal stress from empirical equations 208
6.4 Maximum horizontal stress 210
6.4.1 Maximum horizontal stress from extended leak-off test 210
6.4.1.1 No fluid penetration in the formation 210
6.4.1.2 For permeable fractures 213
6.4.2 Maximum horizontal stress from drilling-induced tensile fractures 214
6.4.2.1 In normal and strike-slip faulting stress regimes 214
6.4.2.2 In the reverse faulting stress regime 216
6.4.3 Maximum horizontal stress from wellbore breakouts 221
6.4.4 Maximum horizontal stress from breakouts and drilling-induced fractures 221
6.4.5 Maximum horizontal stress from excess horizontal strains 222
6.4.6 Maximum horizontal stress from equilibrium of in situ stresses and pore
pressure 223
6.4.7 Maximum horizontal stress estimate 225
6.5 Maximum horizontal stress orientation 225
6.5.1 From borehole breakouts 226
6.5.2 From drilling-induced tensile fractures 228
References 229

Applied Petroleum Geomechanics
ISBN 978-0-12-814814-3 Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814814-3.00006-X All rights reserved. 187