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modulation parameter, 221
Pulley principle, see Felsenstein’s
pulley principle
Recessive allele, 2
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, see
Gel electrophoresis
Recessive disease gene
diffusion model, 321
Purine, 205, 341
Pyrimidine, 205, 341 Ray, 239 Index 365
Finnish bottleneck, 335
Finnish example, 333
QR decomposition, 353 Finnish extinction probabil-
QTL mapping, 150–152 ity, 334
example, 152 impact of counseling, 18
X-linked trait, 163 stochastic equilibrium, 327
Quantitative trait, 99 Recombination, 2
covariances between relatives, Recombination fraction, 2
100 as function of map distance,
in presence of inbreeding, see Map function
110 count-location model, 260, 277
covariances for bivariate traits, Mather’s formula for, 258
111 generalization of, 260
environmental effect on, 101, implications for map func-
141 tions, 262
multilocus, 141 Trow’s formula, 117, 133
Quasi-Newton methods, 45, 54 Reference prior, 51
for multivariate normal log- Regulatory region, 218, 281, 342
likelihood, 146 Renewal function, 262
Renewal process, 261
Radiation hybrid(s), 347 delayed, 262, 274
breakage probability, 232, 236, discrete, 267
251 pattern matching, 282, 294
criteria for comparing locus Restriction enzymes, 172, 306, 345
orders, 233–238 table of, 345
haploid two-locus likelihoods, Restriction fragment polymorphism,
236 346
mapping, 231 Restriction map, 345
models for, 232 Restriction sites, 306
polyploid detecting clustering of, 306–
multi-locus likelihood, 241 308
partial derivatives of like- Markov chain model, 172, 195
lihood, 252 Poisson model, 281, 293
two-locus model, 240, 252– Reversible Markov chain
253 continuous time, 210
posterior probabilities for lo- discrete time, 171
cus orders, 248 RFLP, see Restriction fragment
Random thinning, 257 polymorphism
Rate variation model, 219–222 Ribonucleic acid, see RNA
example, 221 Ribosome, 343
