Page 328 - Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Neural Networks and Brain Computing

Index 321

NBC. See Neurogenetic brain cube (NBC) NIPS. See Neural Information Processing Systems
Neal’s law, third thermodynamic, 61 (NIPS)
NEAT, 294e295 NN. See Neural network (NN)
extending to deep networks, 296e297 Noise-saturation dilemma, 41
neuroevolution method, 296 Nonlinear functions, 220e221
Negative feedback control mechanisms, 86 Nonnegative matrix factorization, 270
Negative predictive value (NPV), 151, 151f Nonstationary environments, learning in,
Neocerebellum, 99 250e254
Neocortex, 99 NPV. See Negative predictive value (NPV)
NeuCube NSF. See US National Science Foundation (NSF)
brain-like AI systems, 125e127, 125f NSFC. See National Science Foundation of China
SNN models, 127e129, 129f (NSFC)
Neumann Poincre Ergodicity Theorem, 60
Neural hermeneutics, 86 O
Neural Information Processing Systems Objective reality, 88e89
(NIPS), 162 Omics data, 270
Neural network (NN), 65, 191, 208, 220e222. “One size fits all” approach, 195
See also Artificial neural network (ANN) Open-ended questions, 287e288
before (2009e11), 162 Opponent processing, 193e194
computational neuroscience separation, 196e198 “Optical expert systems”, 68e69
early history, 192e193 Optical tectum, 100
mainstream science, 194e195 Optimal sleep modality, 250
and neural fields, 93e95 Oracle, 252
principles, 193e194 Organization principles, 81
Neural/mental hermeneutics algorithms, 88e89 Oscillation mechanism, 94e95
needs hermeneutic interpretation, 88e89
Neurobiology, 265e266 P
Neurodegenerative disorders
Parallel DL schemes, 232e233, 233f
automated diagnosis support tools for, Partially observable Markov decision process
273e275 (POMDP), 294e295
multiview neuroimaging examples, 274f Passive adaptation modality, 251e252
Neurodynamics, 211 PD. See Probability of detection (PD)
Neuroevolution techniques, 294e295 PDP approach, 195
Neurofuzzy inference system (NFI), 119 PE. See Processor elements (PE)
Neurogenetic brain cube (NBC), 125 Penn Tree Bank (PTB), 301
Neuroinformatics, multiview learning in
Perception of continuity and smoothness, 210
automated diagnosis support tools, 273e275
Periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC), 228
multimodal brain parcellation, 275
Personalized medicine. See Precision medicine
Neuromorphic platforms, 124
PET, 276e277
Neuron-to-neuron signaling, 2
Phase precession, 94
Neurons, 117, 220e221, 285
Phase synchrony, 211e213
“Neurons which fire together, wire together”
Phase transition, 215e216
principle, 93
Phonetic motor structures, 102
Neuroscience, 194
Phonons, 95
cultural revolution in hard, 179e181
Photovoltaic cells, 248e249
DL revolution in, 163e164
Physical systems, 211e213
Neurotransmitter, 23
PID controller. See Proportionaleintegrale
Newton’s theory of gravity, 2e3
derivative controller (PID controller)
NFI. See Neurofuzzy inference system (NFI)
Polychronization effect, 126
NHTSA. See US National Highway Traffic Safety
Polychronous waves, 126
Administration (NHTSA)
POMDP. See Partially observable Markov deci-
NI. See Natural intelligence (NI)
sion process (POMDP)