Page 166 - 05. Subyek Teknik Mesin - Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems Automotive Technology Vehicle Maintenance and Repair (Vehicle Maintenance Repr Nv2) by Tom Denton

2
150 Automobile mechanical and electrical systems

specifi cation, with ILSAC adding an extra requirement of fuel economy testing
to its specifi cation. To help consumers recognize that an oil meets the ILSAC
requirements, API developed a ‘starburst’ certifi cation mark ( Fig. 2.135 ).

2.2.6.4 ACEA
The Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles (ACEA)
classifi cations A3/A5 tests used in Europe are arguably more stringent than
the API and ILSAC standards. The Co-ordinating European Council is the
development body for fuel and lubricant testing in Europe and beyond, setting
the standards via industry groups.

2.2.6.5 JASO
The Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) has created its
own set of performance and quality standards for petrol engines of Japanese
origin. For four-stroke petrol engines, the JASO T904 standard is used, and
is particularly relevant to motorcycle engines. The JASO T904-MA and MA2
standards are designed to distinguish oils that are approved for wet clutch use,
and the JASO T904-MB standard is not suitable for wet clutch use.
For two-stroke gasoline engines, the JASO M345 (FA, FB, FC) standard is used,
and this refers particularly to low ash, lubricity, detergency, low smoke and exhaust
blocking. These standards, especially JASO-MA and JASO-FC, are designed to
address requirement issues not addressed by the API service categories.

2.2.6.6 OEM
By the early 1990s, many European original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
felt that the direction of the American API oil standards was not compatible with
the needs of a motor oil to be used in their engines. As a result, many leading
European motor manufacturers created and developed their own oil standards.
Recently, very highly specialized oils have been developed so that a petrol engine
can now go up to two years or 30 000 km (18 600 miles), and a diesel engine can

go up to two years or 50 000 km (31 000 miles) before requiring an oil change.
Volkswagen, BMW, GM, Mercedes and PSA all have their own similar ‘long-life’ oil
standards.
Because of the real or perceived need for motor oils with unique qualities, many
European cars will demand a specifi c OEM oil standard and may make no
reference to ACEA or API standards, or SAE viscosity grades.

Figure 2.135 ILSAC service symbol example (donut)